外泌体在常见精神障碍发病中的研究进展  

Role of exosomes in the pathogenesis of common mental disorders:a review

作　　者：黄晓思 陆晓丹 张一靓 赵辉[1] 贾艳滨[1] Huang Xiaosi;Lu Xiaodan;Zhang Yiliang;Zhao Hui;Jia Yanbin(Department of Psychiatry,the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University,Guangzhou 510630,China)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学附属第一医院精神医学科,广州510630

出　　处：《中华精神科杂志》2022年第2期154-158,共5页Chinese Journal of Psychiatry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81801347);广东省科技计划项目(2017B020227011)。

摘　　要：近年研究显示,精神障碍的发病机制涉及正常细胞间通信、突触可塑性、神经炎症、表观遗传和神经再生等过程。外泌体是由各类细胞释放的纳米级膜性囊泡,其中包含蛋白质、脂质、核酸,尤其是微小核糖核酸等多种组分参与胞间物质交换和信息交流,在多种病理生理过程中起重要作用,并可能参与了精神疾病的发病过程。此外,外泌体及其产物还可能作为基因及药物的有效载体参与诊疗过程。本文中综述了外泌体在常见精神障碍中的可能作用机制,为未来进一步研究外泌体作为可能的精神障碍早期诊断标志物及药物载体的精准化应用提供参考。Recent research has presented emerging evidence of the involvement of intercellular communication,neuroplasticity,neuroinflammation,epigenetics and neural regeneration in the pathogenesis of mental disorders.Exosomes are nano-sized membrane vesicles secreted by different types of cells and contain a diverse suite of biomolecules including proteins,lipids,nucleic acids,especially micro-ribonucleic acid,and so on.Exosomes have been shown to play crucial roles in cell-to-cell communication and other pathophysiological processes because of their unique ability to carry biofunctional molecules.It may prove that exosomes are involved in the pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases.Moreover,recent findings have revealed that exosomes can be used as potential drug/gene carriers,therapeutic agents,and diagnostic tools.The purpose of this narrative literature review is to discuss the possible role of exosomes in mental disorders,providing strategies for further studies of exosomes as precision medicines and possible diagnostic biomarkers.

关 键 词：精神障碍 外泌体 抑郁症 双相情感障碍 精神分裂症 病因机制 

分 类 号：R749[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]