人机共驾事故侵权责任与保险制度的法经济分析  

Law and Economic Analysis of Tort Liability and Insurance System of Human-computer Driving

作　　者：刘轶[1] LIU Yi(Law School,The National Police University for Criminal Justice,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]中央司法警官学院法学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《商业经济与管理》2022年第2期71-83,共13页Journal of Business Economics

基　　金：河北省省级科技计划软科学研究专项“人机共驾事故风险防范与保险制度研究”(21550801D);河北省社会科学发展研究课题“人工智能侵权的法经济规制与保险路径:以自动驾驶汽车事故为例”(20200102006)。

摘　　要：作为人工智能落地的重点领域,自动驾驶技术未来将大幅减少交通事故,降低保险赔付。但自动驾驶汽车难以快速跨越人机共驾阶段,实现完全无人驾驶。机动车事故侵权损害赔偿与保险赔付具有显著协同效应,人机共驾汽车事故的侵权责任分配影响着未来交通事故的保险应对,而互动良好的事故保险可以强化侵权法效力,降低人机共驾汽车事故侵权责任不确定性。法经济分析具有独特的责任和风险视角,把人机共驾汽车事故成本细化为直接成本、风险分散成本和风险管理成本,为实现驾驶人、生产人和保险人之间的利益均衡提供工具借鉴。针对人机共驾汽车事故,应该以事故成本为目标调整归责原则、以过错为界限定位侵权法与交强险的功能,并利用无过错保险调整交强险。As a key field of artificial intelligence at work,automatic driving technology will significantly reduce traffic accidents and insurance compensation in the future.However,it is difficult for the automatic driving vehicle to cross the human-computer driving stage and achieve completely unmanned-driving.There is a significant synergistic effect between motor vehicle accident tort damage compensation and insurance compensation.The distribution of tort liability for human-computer driving accidents affects the insurance response to traffic accidents in the future,and the interactive accident insurance can strengthen the effectiveness of tort law and reduce the uncertainty of human-computer driving tort liability.Law and economic analysis is a unique perspective of responsibility and risk,which subdivides the cost of human-computer driving accident into direct cost,risk dispersion cost and risk management cost,so as to provide a tool for equalizing the interests among drivers,producers and insurers.For human-computer driving accidents,we should coordinate tort liability with accident cost,locate the function of tort liability and traffic compulsory insurance with fault as the boundary,and use no fault insurance to adjust compulsory insurance.

关 键 词：人工智能 自动驾驶 侵权责任 法经济分析 机动车保险 

分 类 号：DF522[政治法律—民商法学]