局地气候区视角下的城市热环境研究  

Exploration of urban thermal environment based on local climate zone

作　　者：耿树丰 任嘉义 杨俊[1,2] 国安东 席建超[2,3] GENG Shufeng;REN Jiayi;YANG Jun;GUO Andong;XI Jianchao(Liaoning Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Geomatics,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116029,China;Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学自然地理与空间信息科学辽宁省重点实验室,大连116029 [2]中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《生态学报》2022年第6期2221-2227,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41771178,41671151);辽宁省高等学校创新人才支持计划(LR2017017);辽宁省教育厅项目(H201783628)。

摘　　要：城市化发展带来热岛效应,影响区域气候变化,地表温度可以反映地表增温程度,更能直接影响人类居住舒适度。运用Landsat8 TIRS热红外遥感数据和气象数据反演地表温度,以建筑数据、遥感影像为基础,通过GIS空间分析、决策树分类等方法划分局地气候区,从区域角度定量分析不同类型气候区地表温度分异规律。结果表明:(1)北京、天津、石家庄密集型建筑分别占比27.54%、21.95%、25.09%,且以中低层为主,城市公园包含了主要的绿地和水体。(2)在空间分布上,市中心地表温度高于郊区,热岛效应显著,森林、河流是主要低温区。(3)不同气候区的地表温度存在差异,建成区总体高于自然地表;其中建筑区域内表现为紧密型低层(LCZ3)平均地表温度最高,稀疏型高层(LCZ4)地表温度最低,北京、天津、石家庄分别相差1.53℃、2.30℃、2.22℃;植被和水体能够降低地表温度,裸土和铺设路面的地表温度始终较高。因此应充分考虑建筑布局,合理利用植被和水域分布,减少热量聚集,以改善城市生态环境。Urbanization brings about heat island effect, which affects regional climate change. Land surface temperature can reflect the degree of surface warming, and can directly affect human living comfort. This study retrieved land surface temperature(LST) based on Landsat 8 TIRS thermal infrared remote sensing data and meteorological data, and the local climate zones(LCZ) were divided by GIS spatial analysis and decision tree classification. We quantitatively studied LST differentiation rules of different types of local climate zones from the regional perspective. The results showed that(1) most of the buildings in study area were low-and middle-level, with the intensive buildings accounting for 27.54%, 21.95% and 25.09%, respectively. Urban park contained the main green and water space.(2) In terms of spatial distribution, LST in the city center was higher than that in the suburbs. Forest and river were the main low temperature areas, and the heat island effect was significant.(3) LST in built-up LCZs were generally higher than that of natural LCZs. Among built-up LCZs, LCZ3(compact low rise) had the highest LST, while LCZ4(sparse high-rise) had the lowest LST, with a difference of 1.53 ℃, 2.30 ℃ and 2.22 ℃ in Beijing, Tianjin and Shijiazhuang, respectively. Vegetation and water can lower LST, however, the LST of bare soil and paved road were always higher. Therefore, building layout should be fully considered and vegetation and water distribution should be rationally utilized to reduce heat accumulation and improve urban ecological environment.

关 键 词：城市气候 局地气候区 地表温度 建筑环境 京津冀 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]