近40年三江源区高寒草地气候资源利用率及载畜量  

Climate resource utilization rate and livestock-carrying capacity of grasslands in the Three River Headwaters region over the past 40 years

作　　者：王春雨 王军邦[3] 张法伟[1] 李英年[1] 李红琴 杨永胜[1] 罗方林 WANG Chunyu;WANG Junbang;ZHANG Fawei;LI Yingnian;LI Hongqin;YANG Yongsheng;LUO Fanglin(Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Science,Xi’ning 810001,Qinghai,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;National Ecosystem Science Data Center/Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling/Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Luoyang Normal University,Luoyang 471934,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海西宁810001 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所/中国科学院生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室/国家生态科学中心,北京100101 [4]洛阳师范学院,河南洛阳471934

出　　处：《草业科学》2022年第4期672-687,共16页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：中国科学院青海省人民政府三江源国家公园联合研究专项(LHZX-2020-07);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFA0604801);国家自然科学基金项目(41877547)。

摘　　要：科学评估三江源区草地的气候资源利用率及载畜能力,是有效开展草地资源利用和实施生态保护的基础和前提,对促进草地畜牧业可持续发展和区域生态文明建设具有重要意义。三江源国家公园位于青藏高原高寒生态脆弱区和敏感区,其核心区是重要生物多样性保护区,国家公园以外的传统利用区是当地牧民维持生计的重要支撑区。本研究基于GLOPEM-CEVSA模型,模拟了1981–2018年三江源区草地现实产草量和气候产草量,分析了草地的气候资源利用率及载畜能力。结果表明,近40年三江源区平均现实产草量和气候产草量分别为852.56和1 357.14 kg·hm^(-2),草地的平均气候资源利用率为62.82%,且呈西北部较高东南部较低的分布特点,国家公园3个园区草地气候资源利用率在61.92%~66.42%。除国家公园所在县域及气候资源利用率较高的唐古拉山乡外,东、南部各县仍有约35%的气候潜力,即505.53 kg·hm^(-2)的草料潜力和每公顷0.44标准羊单位(SU·hm^(-2))的载畜潜力。因此,建议在东、南部水热条件较好地区,合理开展退化草地修复工作,提高草地气候资源利用率及草地生产力,承接分担国家公园区域畜牧生产压力,进而在保护国家公园脆弱生态系统和生物多样性基础上,促进整个区域牧民生计、畜牧生产和生态系统稳定的协调可持续发展。The scientific evaluation of the climate resource utilization rate and livestock-carrying capacity of grasslands in the Three-River Headwaters region(TRHR) is the basis for effective resource utilization and ecological protection.This is of great significance to the sustainable development of grassland animal husbandry and the construction of a regional ecological civilization.The Three-River-source National Park,located in the ecologically fragile and sensitive alpine region of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau,is an important biodiversity protection area for Tibetan antelopes.The traditional utilization area outside the Three-River-source National Park is an important support area for local herders in the maintenance of their livelihood.Using the GLOPEM-CEVSA model,this study simulated the actual grassland yield(GYA) and climate grassland yield(GYC) in the TRHR from 1981 to 2018,calculated the corresponding theoretical livestock-carrying capacity(CL) of the grassland,and evaluated the climate resource utilization rate(C) and theoretical livestock-carrying capacity of grasslands.The results showed that the average GYA and GYC were 852.56 and 1 357.14 kg·ha^(-1),respectively;the average climate resource utilization rate(GYA/GYC) of grassland in the TRHR was 62.82%;and the spatial distribution presents an increasing trend from the southeast to the northwest.The average climate resource utilization rate of the three parks in the Three-River-source National Park was 61.92%~66.42%.In addition to the Three-River-source National Park and Tanggula Township,with a high utilization rate of climate resources,the eastern and southern counties still had approximately 35%climate potential,that is,505.53 kg·ha^(-1) grassland yield potential and 0.44 SU·ha^(-1) livestock carrying potential.Therefore,it is suggested to make full use of climate resources and develop grassland animal husbandry in areas with good hydrothermal conditions in the eastern and southern regions of the TRHR;improve the climate resource utilization rate and pro

关 键 词：产草量 气候资源利用率 理论载畜量 时空动态 GLOPEM-CEVSA模型 三江源 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]