企业自生进口网络、沉没成本与出口市场选择——基于“矩不等式”估计方法的研究  

The Self-Generated Importing Network,Sunk Cost and Exporting Markets Choices:A Moment Inequality Estimation Approach

作　　者：王永进[1] 孟珊珊 Wang Yongjin;Meng Shanshan(School of Economics,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济学院,300071

出　　处：《南开经济研究》2022年第2期103-119,共17页Nankai Economic Studies

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“竞争中性原则与中国对外贸易利益:理论机制、实证检验与量化分析”(72073073)的资助。

摘　　要：本文结合2000—2013年中国工业企业数据库和中国海关数据库,使用混合Logit模型考察了企业自生进口网络对出口市场选择的影响。在此基础上,根据引入自生进口网络的扩展引力模型,本文使用“矩不等式”估计方法进一步分析了自生进口网络影响企业出口市场选择的作用机制。研究结果表明:(1)企业向某国(地区)的出口决策不仅受到上期从该国(地区)进口经验的影响,还会受到上期从与该国相近的国家(地区)的进口经验的影响;(2)企业自生进口网络会影响企业的出口市场选择,潜在目标国(地区)与企业前期进口国家(地区)之间的平均距离越小,企业进入该市场的信息搜寻成本越低,从而使得企业出口至该市场的概率越高,这意味着,企业的出口市场选择会同时受到进口经验和出口经验的影响,并且在一系列稳健性检验之后,该结论依然成立;(3)结构估计证实了企业自生进口网络影响企业出口的路径机制,即企业自生进口网络显著提高了企业获取出口目标国(地区)市场信息的效率,降低了市场进入的沉没成本,从而提高了企业出口概率,因此企业更倾向于出口至位于自生进口网络范围内的目标国(地区)市场。This paper uses the Chinese Industrial Enterprise Database and the Chinese Customs Database from 2000 to 2013,and uses a mixed Logit model to examine the impact of the self-generated importing network on the exporting market choices of firms. On this basis,the importing network is introduced into the extended gravity model,and the "moment inequality" estimation method is used to analyze the mechanism of its influence on the exporting market choices. The research results show that:(1)The exporting decision of a firm to a country is not only affected by the previous experience of importing from that country,but also by the previous experience of importing from a country close to that country;(2)The self-generated importing network will affect the exporting market selection,the shorter the average distance between the potential target country and the previous importing countries of the firm,the lower the cost of information search for the firm to enter the market,thereby making the firm more likely to export to the market,which means that the firm’s exporting market choice will be affected by both importing and exporting experience. After a series of robustness tests,this conclusion is still valid;(3)The self-generated importing network significantly improves the efficiency in obtaining market information from exporting countries and reduces the sunk costs,which increases the export probability of the firm,so the firm is more inclined to export to the country within the scope of the self-generated importing network.

关 键 词：企业自生进口网络 沉没成本 出口市场选择 矩不等式 

分 类 号：F752.6[经济管理—国际贸易] F425[经济管理—产业经济]