南极土壤可培养石油降解细菌多样性及降解特性研究  

Diversity and degradation characteristics of culturable oil-degrading bacteria in Antarctic soil

作　　者：孙莹莹 张坤[1] 高伟 施悦[1] 韩彬 郑立 SUN Yingying;ZHANG Kun;GAO Wei;SHI Yue;HAN Bin;ZHENG Li(College of Power and Energy Engineering,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001;Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology,First Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resource,Qingdao 266061;Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science,Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao 266071)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学动力与能源工程学院,哈尔滨150001 [2]自然资源部海洋生态环境科学与技术重点实验室,自然资源部第一海洋研究所,青岛266061 [3]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室,海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室,青岛266071

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2022年第3期400-417,共18页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：菲尔德斯半岛土壤重金属和有机污染物调查项目(No.JD0619008);生物技术与资源利用教育部重点实验室开放课题(No.KF202006);国家基金委-山东省联合基金项目(No.U1606404)。

摘　　要：石油污染土壤的微生物修复是公认的绿色环保技术,但由于实际应用时环境温度较低,使得微生物降解效率低下.南极地区拥有丰富的微生物资源,为了研究南极土壤可培养石油降解菌的多样性及获取高效低温石油降解菌资源,采集南极菲尔德斯半岛上的土壤样品,以0#柴油和中质原油1∶1混合物作为碳源,分别在10、15和20℃下富集、筛选石油降解菌,并通过16S rRNA基因对其进行鉴定.结果发现,10、15和20℃下分别得到石油降解菌株45株(17个属)、55株(21个属)和63株(29个属),主要属于变形菌门和放线菌门.在3种温度下假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)均为可培养细菌群落中的优势菌,占比分别为26.67%、23.64%和15.87%.对低温条件(10℃)下分离出的单菌进行为期14 d的石油降解特性研究表明,13株细菌表现出良好的石油降解效果,其中,Rhodococcus sp.NJ-XFW-6-A的降解率最高,为23.4%.根据GC-MS结果,该菌对总正构烷烃和总多环芳烃的降解率分别为86.83%和31.33%,具有潜在的应用价值.Microbial remediation of petroleum oil-contaminated soil is recognized as a green and environmental-friendly technology.However,due to the low ambient temperature during the practical application,the efficiency of microbial degradation is low.There are rich psychrotrophic microbial resources existed in Antarctic.In order to study the diversity of culturable oil-degrading bacteria in Antarctic soil and to obtain high efficiency psychrotrophic oil-degrading bacteria,soil samples were collected in Fildes Peninsula of Antarctic.Oil-degrading bacteria were enriched and screened from the soil samples at 10℃,15℃and 20℃respectively with a 1∶1 mixture of 0#diesel and medium crude oil as the sole carbon source.The screened culturable oil-degrading bacteria were identified by 16S rRNA gene.The results showed that 45(17 genera),55(21 genera)and 63(29genera)oil-degrading strains were obtained at 10℃,15℃and 20℃respectively,which mainly belonged to Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria.Pseudomonas was the dominant genus which accounting for 26.67%,23.64%and 15.87%in total oil-degrading strains at the three different temperatures.The characteristics of 14 days-oil degradation by bacteria isolated at low temperature(10℃)were studied.It was found that 13 strains showed good oil degradation effect.Among them,Rhodococcus sp.NJ-XFW-6-A had the highest degradation rate of 23.4%.According to GC-MS analysis,its degradation rates of total n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were 86.83%and 31.33%respectively,which exhibited excellent application potential.

关 键 词：石油降解菌 南极 细菌多样性 低温 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X53