卡尔·波普尔渐进社会工程理论及其贫困——基于马克思主义的批判视角  

Karl Popper’s theory of Piecemeal Social Engineering and Poverty: from the Critical Perspective of Marxism

作　　者：邹志鹏 张浩 ZOU Zhi-peng;ZHANG Hao(School of Marxism Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学马克思主义学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第2期9-16,共8页Journal of Soochow University(Philosophy & Social Science Edition)

基　　金：中央马克思主义理论研究与建设工程重大项目“全面从严治党与国家治理体系和治理能力现代化研究”(项目编号:2017YZD13)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在波普尔看来,社会改造存在两种方式:一种是整体主义的或乌托邦的社会工程,一种是渐进的社会工程。“渐进社会工程”理论是波普尔证伪主义科学哲学向政治哲学扩张的结果,他以“祛除不平等”和“最小痛苦”作为改造社会的价值原则,崇尚证伪、民主和审慎的手段,主张采用和平、试错、渐进的方法推动社会历史的演化。波普尔在论述渐进社会工程时,经常以之与马克思主义的社会工程做比较,旨在证明自身理论的科学性与超越性。通过对比波普尔与马克思的社会工程理论可以发现,二者在哲学前提、实现路径和价值旨归等方面存在明显差异。从马克思主义立场看,波普尔“渐进社会工程”理论的哲学基础、实现路径和价值追求具有一定的先验性、空想性和抽象性,难以在现实中实现。According to Popper, there are two ways of social transformation: one is a holistic or utopian social engineering, and the other one is a piecemeal social engineering.The theory of “piecemeal social engineering” is an expansion of Popper’s falsification philosophy of science to political philosophy.Popper takes “eliminating inequality” and “minimizing suffering” as the value principle of reforming society, advocates falsification, democracy, and prudence, and the evolution of social history by adopting peaceful, trial & error, and gradual methods.When Popper discusses piecemeal social engineering, he often compares it with Marxist social engineering in order to prove the scientific nature and transcendence of his theory.By comparing the social engineering theories of Popper and Marx, we can find that there are obvious differences between them in the aspects of philosophical premise, realization path and value purport.From the standpoint of Marxism, Popper’s theory of “piecemeal social engineering” has certain transcendental, utopian, and abstract characteristics in its philosophical basis, realization path and value pursuit, which is difficult to be implemented in reality.

关 键 词：波普尔 证伪主义 渐进社会工程 马克思 历史唯物主义 

分 类 号：B5[哲学宗教—外国哲学]