枯草芽胞杆菌BS193对辣椒疫霉的拮抗作用及其相关生防因子检测  

Antagonistic Activity and Related Biocontrol Factors Detection of Bacillus subtilis BS193 on Phytophthora capsici

作　　者：王荣波[1,2] 陈姝樽 肖小露 李本金 刘裴清[1,2] 石茗月 陈庆河[1] 翁启勇 WANG Rong-Bo;CHEN Shu-Zun;XIAO Xiao-Lu;LI Ben-Jin;LIU Pei-Qing;SHI Ming-Yue;CHEN Qing-He;WENG Qi-Yong(Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350013,China;Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所福建省作物有害生物监测与治理重点实验室,福州350013 [2]海峡两岸特色作物安全生产省部共建协同创新中心福建农林大学,福州350002

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2022年第4期772-782,共11页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：福建省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2018R1025-3,2018R1025-8);福建省农业科学院农作物重大有害生物灾变机制与绿色防控科技创新团队(CXTD0038);“5511”协同创新工程(XTCXGC2021017,XTCXGC2021011);福建省农业科学院国家基金延伸项目(AGY2018-2)。

摘　　要：由辣椒疫霉(Phytophthora capsici)引起的辣椒疫病是一种毁灭性土传病害,在世界各大辣椒(Capsicum annuum)产区均有发生,严重威胁辣椒生产。本研究通过平板对峙法对枯草芽胞杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)BS193菌株的拮抗活性进行测定,结果表明,其对6种植物病原卵菌具有显著抑制作用,其中对辣椒疫霉的抑制率达到66.70%。离体叶片接种实验结果显示,菌株BS193能够有效抑制辣椒疫霉菌的侵染,其防效达到63.50%;室内盆栽实验发现,菌液灌根浓度为1×10^(8) cfu/mL、接种3 d时防病效果最好,高达89.52%。用20 mL浓度为1×10^(8) cfu/mL的BS193菌株发酵液对辣椒幼苗灌根处理30 d后,其株高、根长、鲜重和干重分别增加48.16%~73.27%,表明BS193具有良好的促生作用。该菌株无菌发酵滤液能够抑制辣椒疫霉菌丝生长,导致菌丝分枝增多、畸形皱缩,并抑制孢子囊的产生、游动孢子释放及休止孢萌发,抑制率可达到90%以上。采用固体培养基培养和透明圈检测等方法检测BS193生防相关因子,发现其可以形成生物膜,并且具备产生蛋白酶和纤维素酶的能力。综上,菌株BS193对辣椒疫霉具有显著的拮抗活性,并具有良好的促生作用,本研究为辣椒疫病的有效防控提供了极具应用开发潜力的生防菌株。Pepper blight is a devastating soil-borne disease caused by Phytophthora capsici,which occurs generally in pepper(Capsicum annuum)growing areas worldwide,and causes huge economic loss.The antagonistic activity of Bacillus subtilis BS193 was assessed by dual culture test on V8 plates using 6 plant pathogenic oomycetes.The results showed that BS193 greatly inhibited the targeted pathogens with more than 50%inhibition,and showed the best inhibitory effect on Ph.capsici with the rate of 66.7%.When the BS193 cultural filtrates and Ph.capsici were inoculated simultaneously on pepper leaves,63.50%disease suppression was observed.In pepper seedling inoculation test,the BS193 strain with concentration of 1×10^(8) cfu/mL at 3 d post inoculation of Ph.capsici showed 89.52%pepper blight disease reduction.In addition,BS193 displayed the better potential in promoting plant growth in greenhouse environment.The height,root length,fresh weight and dry weight of pepper seedlings increased by 50.04%,48.16%,73.27%and 48.83%,respectively,after 30 d of root irrigation treatment with 20 mL(1×10^(8) cfu/mL)fermentation broth of BS193 strain.The fermentation filtrate of BS193 could inhibit the mycelium growth and lead to a significant increase in mycelial branching,deformity and shrinkage.Meanwhile,40%fermentation filtrate could significantly inhibit sporangia production,zoospore release and cyst germination with inhibition rate of more than 90%.Further,BS193 were evaluated for biocontrol traits by solid medium and transparent circle detection,and found that BS193 could form the biofilm and exhibited production of protease and cellulase.Overall,the results indicated that B.subtilis BS193 has significant inhibitory activity against Phytophthora pathogens,and the excellent effect of promoting plant growth,which can be considered as a candidate with great development potential for biological control of pepper blight.

关 键 词：枯草芽胞杆菌 辣椒疫霉 抑菌活性 防效 生防因子 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]