125例胎儿尸体解剖临床病理学研究  

Clinical pathological analysis on autopsy of 125 fetuses

作　　者：刘清华[1] 刘恺怡 林异文 LIU Qing-hua;LIU Kai-yi;LIN Yi-wen(Department of Pathol-ogy,Meizhou People's Hospital,Meizhou,Guangdong Province 514031,China)

机构地区：[1]梅州市人民医院病理科,广东梅州514031

出　　处：《解剖学研究》2022年第1期56-60,共5页Anatomy Research

摘　　要：目的尸体解剖为产前超声及染色体检查提供病理学依据,共同促进产前诊断发展,本院自产前诊断中心成立后,随即开展胎儿尸体解剖检查,本文围绕本院胎儿尸检的病例作一总结。方法选取本院2014年1月至2020年12月胎儿尸检病例125例作为本次研究对象,根据研究内容设计统一表格,查阅每例胎儿尸检病历资料,逐项进行登记,对全部数据资料进行统计分析和比较研究。结果 125例病例中,39例因胎死宫内引产,75例因胎儿畸形引产,其中有2例已胎死宫内,11例因其他原因引产。各年龄组胎儿引产原因无统计学意义上的差别,胎儿引产原因与不良孕产史无关。胎儿引产原因与孕产次有关(χ^(2)=15.272,P=0.015),胎死宫内主要发生在第1次妊娠(59.0%)孕妇,胎儿畸形引产主要发生在第2次妊娠(37.3%)、第1次妊娠(30.7%)孕妇。临床诊断与病理解剖结果符合率为98.4%。75例胎儿畸形的病例中,心脏大血管畸形及中枢神经系统畸形最常见。单发畸形中,中枢神经系统、心血管系统及泌尿系统较常见。颜面部、呼吸系统、消化系统、骨与软组织畸形多与中枢神经系统或心血管系统畸形构成多发畸形。不同的引产原因异常染色体核型比率与染色体微重复微缺失比率之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论胎儿尸体解剖可以为产前诊断提供病理学资料,为分子检测提供组织学资料,为临床病理住院医师提供学习资料,病理科应常规开展胎儿尸体解剖。Objective Autopsy should provide pathological basis for prenatal ultrasonography and chromosomal examination,and promote the development of prenatal diagnosis. After the establishment of Center for Prenatal Disgnosis in our hospital,fetal autopsy examination was carried out immediately. This paper summarizes the cases of fetal autopsy in our hospital. Methods A total of 125 fetal autopsy cases from January 2014 to December 2020 in our hospital were collected as the research subjects. A unified form was designed according to the research content. The medical records of each fetal autopsy cases were collected,and conduct statistical analysis and comparative study on all the data. Results Among the 125 cases,39 cases were induced labor due to fetal death,75 cases due to fetal malformation,of which 2 cases were already dead intrauterine,11 cases due to other reasons. There was no statistically significant difference in the causes of fetal labor induction among different age groups,and fetal induced labor was not related to adverse pregnancy history. The causes of fetal induction were related to the number of pregnancies(χ^(2)=15.272,P=0.015). Fetal death in utero mainly occurred in the first pregnancy(59.0%),fetal malformation mainly occurred in the second pregnancy(37.3%)and first pregnancy(30.7%).The coincidence rate of clinical diagnosis and pathological anatomy was 98.4%. Among the 75 cases of fetal malformations,cardiac vascular malformations and central nervous system malformations were the most common types. Central nervous system,cardiovascular system and urinary system were most common in single malformations. And face,respiratory system,digestive system,bone and soft tissue and deformity of central nervous system or cardiovascular system form multiple malformations. There was no significant difference between the abnormal karyotype ratio and chromosome microduplication and microdeletion ratio among different labor induction causes(P<0.05). Conclusion Fetal autopsy can provide pathological data for prenatal

关 键 词：胎儿 尸体解剖 畸形 染色体 

分 类 号：R361[医药卫生—病理学]