基于TPA法葡萄果肉质地的鉴定评价  

Analysis and comprehensive evaluation of grape berry texture based on TPA method

作　　者：姜建福[1,2] 樊秀彩 张颖[1] 孙磊[1] 李民[1] 刘勇翔[1] 牛生洋 张振文[2] 刘崇怀[1] JIANG Jianfu;FAN Xiucai;ZHANG Ying;SUN Lei;LI Min;LIU Yongxiang;NIU Shengyang;ZHANG Zhenwen;LIU Chonghuai(Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Henan 450009;College of Enology,Northwest A&F University;Henan Institute of Science and Technology)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,河南450009 [2]西北农林科技大学葡萄酒学院 [3]河南科技学院

出　　处：《中国果树》2022年第3期31-36,共6页China Fruits

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31601718);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-29);中国农业科学院科技创新工程专项经费项目(CAAS-ASTIP-2020-ZFRI)。

摘　　要：果肉质地是葡萄果实商品性状的重要指标之一,也是国内外葡萄育种者关注的重要育种目标之一。为探明我国葡萄主要品种的果肉质地特点,应用质地多面分析法对290份不同种类、不同用途的葡萄种质果肉质地进行了鉴定评价,分析各质地参数间的相关性,提取了主成分因子。结果表明,290份不同种质间果肉质地参数表现各异,整体上,鲜食葡萄果肉质地硬度高于酿酒葡萄和制汁葡萄,鲜食葡萄中欧亚种种质高于欧美杂种和其他种类。通过比较分析不同葡萄种质果肉TPA参数,硬度与咀嚼度、弹性与黏聚性、弹性与回复性、黏聚性和回复性、咀嚼度和回复性均呈显著正相关。主成分分析表明,前2个主成分对葡萄果肉质地的贡献率达到95.79%,弹性和硬度对果肉质地的影响较大,可以作为反映葡萄果肉质地的重要参数。研究结果可为筛选耐贮质地葡萄种质和促进葡萄综合加工利用提供科学依据。Berry texture is one of the important indicators of grape commerciality,and it is also one of the important breeding goals of grape breeders.The TPA method was used to identify and evaluate the texture of 290 grape varieties of different usage types.On the whole,the fruit texture of table grape is higher,while that of wine grape and juice grape is lower;the texture of the Vitis vinifera is higher,while that of the Vitis vinifera×Vitis labrusca hybrid is lower.This may be related to the genetic basis of different germplasms and the relevant manual selection.By analyzing the TPA parameters of different grape germplasms,it was found that the following pairs of factors were significantly positively correlated:firmness and chewability,elasticity and cohesion,elasticity and recovery,cohesion and recovery,and chewability and recovery.Principal component analysis showed that the contribution rate of the first two principal components to the texture of grape pulp reached 95.79%.The elasticity and firmness had a great influence on the texture of pulp,which could be used as an important parameter to determine the texture of grape pulp.The research results can provide scientific basis for screening grape germplasm with storage-resistant texture and promoting comprehensive processing and utilization of grapes.

关 键 词：葡萄 质地 质地多面分析法 鉴定评价 种质资源 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]