湖泊生态需水计算方法比较及实例应用  

Comparison and application of calculation methods for ecological water demand of lakes

作　　者：陶洁[1,2,3] 李行 左其亭 TAO Jie;LI Hang;ZUO Qiting(School of Water Conservancy Engineering,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China;Yellow River Institute for Ecological Protection&Regional Coordination Development,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China;Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Environment,Zhengzhou 450001,China;Henan Key Laboratory of Goundwater Pollution Prevention and Rehabilitation,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学水利科学与工程学院,郑州450001 [2]郑州大学黄河生态保护与区域协调发展研究院,郑州450001 [3]郑州市水资源与水环境重点实验室,郑州450001 [4]河南省地下水污染防治与修复重点实验室,郑州450001

出　　处：《南水北调与水利科技（中英文）》2022年第2期365-374,共10页South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51709238)。

摘　　要：归纳湖泊生态需水的相关概念、分类和组成,利用CiteSpace软件分析近20年国内外相关研究进展,发现其主要集中在水文学角度与生态学角度2个方面,故从这2个角度总结湖泊生态需水计算方法。其中:水文学方法主要考虑湖泊长序列水文要素,具体有最低水位法、水量平衡法和换水周期法等;生态学方法多同时考虑湖泊生态和水文要素,具体有曲线相关法、生态演变分析法和功能法等。不同方法的主要原理、适用性各有不同。以太湖为例,选择最低水位法、换水周期法和生态演变分析法3种方法进行实际应用与结果比较,得到太湖生态需水分别为36.01亿、27.14亿和38.81亿m^(3)。综合比较分析后,认为生态演变分析法在计算过程中同时考虑了水文与生物状况,计算结果最合理,故最终确定太湖湖泊最小生态需水为38.81亿m^(3)。该研究为系统了解并合理选择湖泊生态需水计算方法,开展湖泊生态保护修复与高质量发展提供支持。Since the 1960s,the problem of ecological water demand has gradually attracted attention at home and abroad.The determination of the ecological water demand of lakes is of great significance to lake health and ecological civilization because of an important part of water ecosystem.Since the 21st century,many experts and scholars have also carried out relevant research on the ecological water demand of lakes.Most of the current studies focused on the comprehensive consideration of different hydrological conditions and ecological information,but there are still some problems,such as unclear classification of calculation methods.Therefore,it is necessary to study these methods.Statistical analysis and generalization were used to summarize the concepts,classification,and composition related to the ecological water demand of lakes,and the key words of relevant domestic and foreign literature from 2001 to 2020 were visualized and analyzed by CiteSpace software.The methods of calculating ecological water demand of lakes based on both hydrological principle and ecological principle are summarized,and the applicability of different methods is compared.Finally,taking Taihu Lake as an example,three methods were selected to analyze the minimum ecological water demand,including the minimum water level method,the water exchange cycle method,and the ecological evolution analysis method.It was summarized that lake ecological water demand is"the amount of water of lake ecosystem when it reaches a certain level in a specific area,time and condition".General lakes are mostly the lakes with water input and water output,whose ecological water demand mainly consists of ecological water demand in the lake and inlet and outlet ecological water demand.The keyword co-occurrence network diagrams were obtained,and the analysis shows that current studies of lake ecological water demand at home and abroad mainly focused on two aspects of hydrological principles and ecological principles.The calculation methods based on hydrological principles

关 键 词：湖泊生态需水 计算方法 CITESPACE 最低生态水位 生态演变分析法 太湖 

分 类 号：X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学] TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]