睡莲品种‘公牛眼’和‘泰国王’授粉后子房的发育差异研究  

Differences in Ovary Development Between Nymphaea ‘Bull’s Eye’ and Nymphaea ‘King of Siam’ after Pollination

作　　者：唐毓玮 李佳慧 毛立彦[1] 黄秋伟[1] 龙凌云[1] 於艳萍[1] 苏群 TANG Yuwei;LI Jiahui;MAO Liyan;HUANG Qiuwei;LONG Lingyun;YU Yanping;SU Qun(Guangxi Subtropical Crop Research Institute,Nanning,Guangxi 530001,China;Flower Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所,广西南宁530001 [2]广西农业科学院花卉研究所,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2022年第4期829-839,共11页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2020YM58,桂农科2021YT152)。

摘　　要：睡莲属(Nymphaea)植物是我国新兴的水生花卉,其中重瓣型睡莲的花态丰满艳丽,一直倍受睡莲爱好者、育种者的喜爱和关注,在水生园林景观中的应用日渐广泛,但在育种的过程中,育种者经常遇到杂交不结实的现象,导致重瓣型睡莲品种难以培育。为探索重瓣睡莲难以结实的原因,以重瓣睡莲中较具代表性的品种‘泰国王’为实验组,以育性较好的品种‘公牛眼’为对照组,利用石蜡切片技术对其授粉后不同时期的子房进行显微结构比较,采用扫描电镜进一步观察样本的柱头和胚珠,通过RNA-seq测序分析发育与败育子房的基因表达差异。结果表明:2个睡莲品种的柱头表面均分布着多细胞单列乳突,细胞间的连接处形成一圈圈凹槽,乳突数量庞大、排列紧密,配合自身的结构能更容易捕获外来的花粉。‘公牛眼’授粉7 d后子房中大部分胚珠发育成红色种子,10 d后子房膨大成果实,种皮由红色转黑色,形成成熟的种子;重瓣睡莲‘泰国王’授粉7 d后无种子形成,子房中有部分胚珠发育,其表皮变为红色,形态特征与‘公牛眼’授粉4 d后的红色胚珠相似,由此推测少量胚珠可能完成了受精,但无法进一步发育,10 d后子房完全败育。显微结构观察可知,授粉7 d后2个品种的胚珠发育产生明显差异,‘公牛眼’的胚珠明显增大,合子开始分裂形成胚,而‘泰国王’胚珠内珠心萎缩,胚珠逐步败育消解,授粉10 d后,‘公牛眼’胚珠的珠被增厚形成种皮,胚开始发育,进一步向种子形态转变。由转录组测序分析可知,差异基因显著富集在光合作用——天线蛋白、光合作用、卟啉和叶绿素代谢、核糖体、淀粉和蔗糖代谢等通路,这些通路可能是影响睡莲子房发育的关键途径,推测‘泰国王’子房败育可能是因为自身光合作用受到抑制,进而影响了蔗糖、淀粉等营养物质的生成。Nymphaea(water lily) is an aquatic flower that has been introduced in recent years in our country. In particular, double petal water lily are very popular and full of love and attention by water lily lovers and breeders. And it has been increasingly widely used in the field of aquatic garden landscapes. But in the process of breeding, breeders often encounter the situation of failed hybridization. This makes it hard for breeders to breed double flower. In order to study on the reason that double petal water lily is difficult to set fruit, we selected the more representative cultivar Nymphaea ‘King of Siam’ from double petal water lily as the experimental group, and the better fertile cultivar Nymphaea ‘Bull’s Eye’ as the control group. Firstly, the microstructure of ovaries at different stages after pollination was compared by paraffin section technique. Secondly, the stigmas and ovules were further observed by scanning electron microscope.Finally, the differences of gene expression between developing and abortive ovary were analyzed by RNA-Seq. The results showed that multicellular uniserial papillae were distributed on the stigma surface of the two water lily varieties,and a circle of grooves were formed at the junction between single cells. The number of papillae was large and closely arranged. We think this structure can more easily capture foreign pollen. Meanwhile, after 7 days of N. ‘Bull’s Eye’pollination, most of the ovules developed into red seeds, 10 days later, the ovary expanded into fruit, and the seed coat changed from red to black to form mature seeds. On the other hand, after 7 days of pollination, no seeds were formed in N. ‘King of Siam’. However, some ovules in its ovary develop, and its epidermis turns red. The morphological characteristics are similar to the red ovules after 4 days of N. ‘Bull’s Eye’ pollination. Therefore, we speculate that a small number of ovules may have completed fertilization, but can not develop further. Than, the ovary was completely aborted

关 键 词：睡莲 杂交授粉 子房发育 胚珠 转录组 

分 类 号：S682.32[农业科学—观赏园艺]