故意杀人罪死刑裁量机制的反思与改进  

Reflections on and Improvement of the Mechanism for the Application of the Death Penalty in Cases of Intentional Homicide

作　　者：王复春 Wang Fuchun

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学刑事司法学院

出　　处：《环球法律评论》2022年第2期131-146,共16页Global Law Review

基　　金：中南财经政法大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2722021BX012)。

摘　　要：刑法中死刑适用的条件存在较大的解释空间,理论界提出了分别从责任刑情节与预防刑情节判断是否罪行极其严重、是否立即执行的观点,这与死刑裁量的实践差距很大。有必要转变死刑适用条件的研究方向,通过应然与实然的对照,反思死刑裁量的既有理论,并尝试改进既有的死刑裁量模式。对故意杀人罪的裁判应当建立以基本构成事实与常见关键情节结合的阶梯式量刑起点,在此基础上再对剩余的非关键情节进行综合考量。死刑适用条件中的“罪行极其严重”“必须立即执行”的概念可以被塑造为阶梯式量刑机制的若干种常见的情节组合类型,以改进故意杀人罪的死刑裁量。There is a large space for the interpretation of the conditions for the application of death penalty in criminal law.The academic circle has put forward the view of judging whether a crime is extremely serious and whether the death penalty should be executed immediately in light of the circumstances of liability-based punishment or prevention-oriented punishment.However,there is a big gap between this view and the practice of discretion in the application of the death penalty.It is therefore necessary to change the direction of the research on the application of death penalty,reflect on the existing theory of discretion in the application of the death penalty through the comparison between what should be and what is,and try to improve the existing mode of death penalty discretion.The empirical analysis of these samples shows that the model of discretion in the application of the death penalty is similar to an assembly line with two different processes:in the fist process,the judge only uses part of the circumstances of the case to decide whether the act constituting the crime of intentional homicide is extremely serious and whether to impose the death penalty;and in the second process,the judge decides whether the death penalty should be imposed without a suspension of execution based on the remaining circumstances.The group experience of judges shows that the normal sentencing starting point of intentional homicide crime is the death penalty with a two-year suspension of execution,and the judge's sentencing process is closely related to a few key circumstances,such as recidivism,the forgiveness given by the victim's relatives,and the victim's fault.In the exercise of discretion in specific cases,the judge sometimes makes a subtraction based on the higher starting point of sentencing,that is,in principle,the death penalty with immediate execution is imposed,,and the execution of the penalty can be suspended as an exception only if leniency can be sufficiently justified by other circumstances.Sometimes,an addition

关 键 词：故意杀人罪 死刑裁量 罪行极其严重 量刑起点 

分 类 号：D924.34[政治法律—刑法学]