高等教育分流与大学生就业机会差异  

The Higher Education Streaming and the Differences in College Students’ Employment Opportunities

作　　者：刘保中[1] 张月云 Liu Baozhong;Zhang Yueyun

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院社会学研究所 [2]山东大学社会学系

出　　处：《青年研究》2022年第2期41-51,95,共12页Youth Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“职业教育促进社会流动机制研究”(19BSH045);北京市教育科学“十四五”规划2021年度优先关注项目“学生核心价值观形成规律与评价研究”(CIEA21019)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：基于2019年、2020年“中国大学生追踪调查”数据,分析高等教育分流对大学生就业机会的影响。研究发现,高等教育分流给大学生就业机会带来“好上加好、差上加差”的叠加效应。具体来说,相比于高职院校和层级较低院校,本科院校和层级较高院校大学生更可能进入体制内单位工作、收入更高;相比于理工类专业,社科类专业大学生进入体制内单位工作的可能性更低,人文类专业大学生收入更低;家庭背景对不同类型学校和专业大学生就业机会的影响存在差异,非重点院校、人文类专业大学生在获得更高收入的工作机会时更容易受家庭背景的影响。这些研究发现为中国高等教育的招生、人才培养、就业指导等现实议题提供了重要的政策启示。Using the data from “ Panel Study of Chinese University Students” in 2019 and 2020, this article aims to analyze the impacts of higher education streaming on college students’ employment opportunities. According to the findings, the higher education streaming could bring superposition effect to college students’ employment opportunities, namely “ better and better, worse and worse”. Concretely speaking, compared with college students from higher vocational colleges and lower level colleges, the college students from undergraduate colleges and higher level colleges are more likely to enter the units within the system and have higher income;compared with the college students majoring in science and engineering, the college students majoring in social sciences are less likely to enter the units within the system, the college students majoring in humanities have lower income;family background has different impacts on the employment opportunities of college students in different types of colleges and majors;for college students from non-key universities and humanities majors, they are more vulnerable to the impacts of family background when getting employment opportunities with higher income. These findings could provide important policy implications for practical issues regarding China’s higher education, including enrollment, talent training, employment guidance, etc.

关 键 词：高等教育分流 就业机会 学校分流 专业分流 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济] G647.38[经济管理—国民经济]