免费义务教育政策与农村教育机会公平——基于教育代际流动性的实证分析  

Free Compulsory Education Policy and Equality of Educational Opportunity in Rural China: An EmpiricalAnalysis from the Perspective of Intergenerational Mobility of Education

作　　者：彭骏 赵西亮[1] PENG Jun;ZHAO Xiliang

机构地区：[1]厦门大学经济学院

出　　处：《中国农村观察》2022年第2期144-164,共21页China Rural Survey

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费项目“中国经济结构转型中若干问题探析”(编号:20720171027);国家留学基金委项目“经济研究中的因果推断方法”(编号:201806315030)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：教育政策是保证教育机会公平的重要机制。本文使用2018年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,考察了免费义务教育政策对中国农村家庭教育代际流动性的影响。研究发现,免费义务教育政策显著提高了农村家庭教育代际流动性。异质性分析表明,相较于男性,免费义务教育政策对提高农村女性教育代际流动性的作用更显著;相较于东部地区和中部地区,该政策对提高西部地区农村教育代际流动性的作用更明显;相较于父代受教育水平在高中及以上家庭的孩子,免费义务教育政策显著提高了父代受教育水平在高中以下家庭的孩子的受教育年限。影响机制分析表明,免费义务教育政策通过缩小高低收入家庭子代的教育差距,提高了教育代际流动性。进一步的研究发现,免费义务教育政策的实施促进了父代受教育水平在高中以下家庭的孩子相对其父代的教育代际向上流动性。Educational policy is an important mechanism to ensure the equality of educational opportunity. Using the latest data from the CFPS dataset, this article empirically examines the effect of free compulsory education policy on the equality of educational opportunity in rural China from the perspective of intergenerational mobility of education. The results show that the implementation of the free compulsory education policy significantly increases the intergenerational mobility of education in rural China. The results of heterogeneity analysis suggest that, compared with males, the policy plays a more significant role in increasing the intergenerational mobility of education of females. Compared with Eastern and Central regions, the policy plays a more significant role in promoting the intergenerational mobility of education in Western regions of rural China. Compared with the children whose parents’ education level is at high school and above, the policy obviously promotes education years of the children whose parents’ education level is below high school. The influence mechanism analysis reveals that, the policy can weaken the role of family socioeconomic background in intergenerational education investment and narrow the education gap between the children of high and low-income families, thus promoting intergenerational mobility of education. Further analysis reveals that, the implementation of the policy promotes the intergenerational upward mobility of the children from families whose parents’ educationlevelis below high school.

关 键 词：免费义务教育政策 教育机会公平 教育代际流动性 

分 类 号：F08[经济管理—政治经济学] G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]