从日德防共协定到中苏绝对密件的多边博弈及影响(1936.11-1937.8)  

The Multilateral Game from the Japanese-German Anti-Comintern Pact to the Sino-Soviet Absolute Secret Paper and Its Influences,1936.11-1937.8

作　　者：鹿锡俊[1] Lu Xijun

机构地区：[1]日本大东文化大学

出　　处：《抗日战争研究》2022年第1期14-38,M0003,共26页Studies of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression

摘　　要：苏联在日德签订防共协定后,既进一步积极推动中国抗日,又为避免自身参战而拒绝谈判中苏互助条约。西安事变后,日本为拉拢国民政府,接受其以“共同防共”为名义的联日反苏,做出对华“温和”姿态,但因死守侵华果实而很快重返旧路。国民政府对苏联与日本在对华政策上的多面性均有认识。因此,在卢沟桥事变之前,国民政府在对苏政策上既谋求以苏制日,又防止“为第三国抗日”;在对日政策上既坚持要求首先恢复华北主权,又致力于和平调整关系。这种做法反映出以蒋介石为首的国民政府决策层既想抗日又不愿放弃反共的本质。这使他们在卢沟桥事变之后的一段时间内,仍在对日对苏关系上时现纠结与矛盾。最终,在确信没有苏联的支持就无法抵抗日本的全面侵略之后,国民政府才被迫同意通过中苏之间的“绝对密件”而使“共同防共”问题在条约层面得到决定性的解决。After Japan and Germany signed the Anti-Comintern Pact,the Soviet Union actively promoted China to fight against Japan,but refused to negotiate the Sino-Soviet Mutual Assistance Treaty in order to avoid participating in the war. After the Xi’an Incident,in order to co-opt the Nationalist government,Japan accepted its position of unifying Japan to against the Soviet Union in the name of “common defense” and made a “moderate” attitude towards China,but soon returned to the old road for defending the fruits of its invasion of China. The Nationalist government had an understanding to the versatilities of China policies of both the Soviet Union and Japan. Therefore,before the Marco Polo Bridge Incident,the Nationalist government sought to use the Soviet Union to contain Japan,but also to prevent “fighting against Japan for the third country. ”As for its policy towards Japan,the Nationalist government not only insisted on the restoration of the sovereignty in North China first,but also committed to the peaceful adjustment of relations. This approach reflects that the Nationalist government led by Chiang Kai-shek wanted to resist Japan but unwilling to give up its nature of anti-Communist Party. This made them,in a period of time after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident,frequently showing tangles and contradictions in the process of dealing with the Sino-Japanese and Sino-Soviet relations. In the end,after being convinced that it could not resist Japan’s total aggression without the Soviet Union’s support,the Nationalist government was forced to agree decisively solving the problem of “common defense to the Communist Party” at the treaty level through the “absolute secret paper” between China and the Soviet Union.

关 键 词：抗日战争 防共协定 共产国际 中日苏关系 

分 类 号：K152[历史地理—历史学] D231[历史地理—世界史]