双重机会窗口下管理认知模式与创新追赶路径选择——以中国风电产业的后发企业为例  

Innovation Catching-up in Simultaneous Market and Technology Opportunity Windows——The Case Study of Latecomers in Chinese Wind Turbine Industry

作　　者：周江华[1] 李纪珍[2] 刘子諝 ZHOU Jiang-hua;LI Ji-zhen;LIU Zi-xu(Business School,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;School of Economics and Management,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学经济与工商管理学院 [2]清华大学经济管理学院

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2022年第3期171-188,共18页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“知识异质性对企业破坏性创新影响机制研究”(批准号71772014)。

摘　　要：已有的创新追赶文献缺少企业微观机理层面的研究。本文引入管理认知视角,通过中国风电行业两家后发企业创新追赶的对比研究,探究了在面对市场与技术双重机会窗口的情况下,后发企业如何选择不同的技术轨道进行创新追赶的问题,从中分析、提炼出影响企业选择不同创新追赶路径的微观机理。研究发现:新兴产业中已有技术与市场特殊需求的结构性不对称为后发企业提供了市场机会窗口,颠覆性技术轨道的涌现为后发企业提供了技术机会窗口。面对市场和技术双重机会窗口,研究型技术经验塑造的创造型认知模式会引导企业在颠覆性技术轨道开展架构创新,并且通过技术原理层面的探索性创新实现对颠覆性技术的全面掌控。相比而言,应用型技术经验塑造的适应型认知模式会引导企业在传统技术轨道开展架构创新,并且通过技术原理层面的利用性创新实现产品的迭代和升级。企业在颠覆性技术轨道上开展的创新追赶绩效优于传统技术轨道。本文的研究结论适用于存在市场与技术双重机会窗口、产业知识基础比较开放的行业情境,可为相关行业内的企业制定创新追赶战略提供理论依据。The existing literature on innovation catching-up lacks research on the micro-level mechanism of enterprises. From the perspective of management cognition, by comparatively studying the cases of two enterprises’ innovation catching-up in China’s wind turbine industry, this paper explores how late-comer enterprises choose different innovation trajectories and achieve innovation catching-up in their respective technological trajectories under the dual opportunity window of market and technology. From the analysis, the micro-level mechanism that influences the choice of different innovation catch-up path is extracted. The research finds that the structural asymmetry of existing technology and special market demands in emerging industries provides market opportunity windows for the later-comers, while the appearance of disruptive technological trajectories provides technology opportunity windows for the late-comers. By comparison, the creative cognitive model provided by research-based technological experience will lead the enterprises to initiate architectural innovate at the disruptive technological trajectories, and further guiding them to master the disruptive technology through explorative innovation in basic technology. By comparison, the adaptive cognitive model provided by the applied technology experience will lead the enterprises to initiate architectural innovation at the traditional technological trajectories, and further promote the upgrading of new products through exploitative innovation in basic technology. The performance of innovation catching-up through the disruptive technological trajectory is better than through the traditional technological trajectory. The findings can provide implications for firms in industries that provide both technological and market opportunity windows and open knowledge base. The findings can also provide theoretical basis for firms in related industries to make innovation catching-up strategy.

关 键 词：创新追赶 技术经验 认知模式 颠覆性技术轨道 传统技术轨道 

分 类 号：F273[经济管理—企业管理]