基于区块链的供应链创新机制与实现路径  

Supply Chain Innovation Mechanism and Implementation Path Based on Block Chain

作　　者：张晓芹 ZHANG Xiao-qin(School of Information Management and Engineering,Neusoft Institute,Foshan,Guangdong 528225)

机构地区：[1]广东东软学院信息管理与工程学院,广东佛山528225

出　　处：《供应链管理》2022年第3期22-34,共13页SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学规划项目“区块链驱动下的供应链创新:场景、机制与实现路径”(GD18YGL06)。

摘　　要：区块链已成为供应链领域的一项重要技术驱动力。文章从供应链的痛点以及区块链技术的耦合来看,利用区块链设计供应链信息共享机制、共识机制和激励机制有助于解决供应链的痛点问题。遵循超级账本Fabric系统的逻辑,从业务应用层、合约层和底层区块链服务平台层三个层面搭建面向供应链的区块链平台架构,该架构的核心价值在于业务应用层,利用“四纵四横”的区块链业务应用逻辑模型,帮助企业挖掘拓展供应链业务应用场景。区块链技术下的供应链信息共享平台包括成员管理、账本管理、交易管理、业务管理、系统安全等功能,有助于解决供应链中的信息不对称问题。文章以A企业协同采购业务为例,模拟区块链共识机制运作过程和激励流程,使用系统代币对预定价格进行积分兑换,使持续参与的节点获得奖励补贴,达到激励的目的。利用区块链实现供应链的创新,还需要补齐需求型的区块链政策,更大程度的发挥政策红利效应;将着眼点放在业务应用层面,提高区块链在供应链中的应用水平;寻求技术创新,探索更适合联盟链的关键技术,增强供应链创新的技术驱动力。Blockchain has already become an important driving force for technologyin the supply chain field.Judging from the pain points of supply chain and the coupling of blockchain technology,designing information sharing mechanism,consensus mechanism and incentive mechanism of supply chain using blockchain will help to solve the pain points ofsupply chain.According to Hyperledger Fabric system,a blockchain platform can be constructed for supply chain from three levels,i.e.,business application,contracts and underlying blockchain service platform.The core value of the construction lies in the business application with the“four verticals and four horizontals”,i.e.,the blockchain business application logic model to help enterprises exploit and expand supply chain business application scenarios.The supply chain information sharing platform employing blockchain technology includes member management,ledger management,transaction management,business management,system security and other functions,which helps to solve the problem of information asymmetry in supply chain.Taking the collaborative procurement business of enterprise A as an example.By simulating the operation process and incentive process of the blockchain consensus mechanism and exchanging system tokensfor points at the predetermined price,this paper maintains that nodes in continuous participation can be rewarded with bonusesand thus achieve the goal of incentives.Using blockchain to realize supply chain innovation also needs,firstly,to supplement the demand-oriented blockchain policy and give greater play to the policy dividend effect;secondly,to focus on business application and better apply blockchain to supply chain;thirdly,to seek technological innovation,explore key technologies more suitable for the alliance chainand enhance the technological driving force of supply chain innovation.

关 键 词：区块链 供应链 供应链创新 创新机制 

分 类 号：F274[经济管理—企业管理]