创业焦虑:量表开发及其对创业努力的预测作用  

Entrepreneurial Anxiety: Scale Development and Effect on Entrepreneurial Effort

作　　者：张慧 周小虎[2] 张学艳 ZHANG Hui;ZHOU Xiao-hu;ZHANG Xue-yan(School of Management,Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing,Jiangsu,210003,China;School of Economics and Management,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing,Jiangsu,210094,China)

机构地区：[1]南京邮电大学管理学院,江苏南京210003 [2]南京理工大学经济管理学院,江苏南京210094

出　　处：《经济管理》2022年第2期88-105,共18页Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“以创新能力、质量、实效、贡献为导向的科技人才评价体系研究”(21AZD012);江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目“腐败如何影响创业者的退出:基于认知与情绪视角的研究”(KYCX21_0396)。

摘　　要：情绪对创业活动的影响研究已经持续了十几年,然而焦虑作为创业活动中最常见的情绪,尚未引起理论界的充分关注。基于以往的焦虑情绪文献以及创业者访谈结果,界定了创业焦虑的内涵和维度,开发验证了测量量表。结果表明,创业焦虑是一个包含“情感焦虑-认知焦虑”的双维度构念,可以被本文开发的九题项量表捕获。同时,从多角度验证了量表的信度和效度,发现量表在初次创业者和连续创业者样本中均表现出良好的一致性信度、重测信度、聚合效度和区分效度。此外,实证发现,创业焦虑能够积极预测创业努力,证明了量表具有良好的校标效度。研究明晰了创业焦虑的内涵和结构,开发了测量量表,为拓展创业焦虑理论、凝练创业行为规律提供了可供参考的分析框架和测量工具。Due to the high uncertainty and high self-interest relevance of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial emotion has become an important topic in the entrepreneurial field.Scholars are devoted to revealing the emotional antecedents of entrepreneurs’ cognition and behavior, and contributing to finding out the near-end driving factors of entrepreneurial activities.Existing entrepreneurial emotion research has focused on positive emotions, negative emotions, entrepreneurial passion, fear of failure, and grief of failure.However, as one of the most salient entrepreneurial emotions, the research on entrepreneurial anxiety is still lacking.Recently, Thompson et al.(2020) proposed the concept of entrepreneurial anxiety and regarded it as an independent construct.They pointed out that entrepreneurial anxiety is diffused throughout the entrepreneurial process, thereby they called on scholars to pay attention to the research of entrepreneurial anxiety.However, we have a limited understanding of the definition and structural dimensions of entrepreneurial anxiety.This paper aims to clarify the definition and dimensions of entrepreneurial anxiety and develop an entrepreneurial anxiety scale.Based on existing anxiety literature from various filed(eg.workplace anxiety, math anxiety, and sport anxiety) and interviews with entrepreneurs, we show that the dimensions of entrepreneurial anxiety(affective anxiety and cognitive anxiety) are conceptually and both theoretically distinct from each other, and from other aspects of emotion and cognition known to play a role in entrepreneurship.More importantly, we demonstrate that two-dimensional constructed entrepreneurial anxiety could be captured by the 9-item scale we developed.We conducted multiple reliability and validity tests for entrepreneurial anxiety, the results showed that the scale has good consistency reliability, retest reliability, aggregation validity, and discrimination validity with the samples of nascent entrepreneurs and serial entrepreneurs.Beyond that, we empirically fou

关 键 词：创业焦虑 量表开发 情感焦虑 认知焦虑 

分 类 号：F276.5[经济管理—企业管理]