降温速率对斑石鲷无水保活过程中生理应激的影响  

Effect of Temperature Lowering Rate on Physiological Response of Oplegnathus punctatus in Live Fish Chill Preservation

作　　者：华茂圳 黄宝生 俞涛涛 蒋乐霞 张家国 张长峰 孙崇德 HUA Maozhen;HUANG Baosheng;YU Taotao;JIANG Lexia;ZHANG Jiaguo;ZHANG Changfeng;SUN Chongde(National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Oceanic University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shandong Key Laboratory of Storage and Transportation Technology of Agricultural Products,Jinan,Shandong 250103,China;National Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Products Logistics,Jinan,Shandong 250103,China;Guangdong Oceanic University,Zhanjiang,Guangdong 524000,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306 [2]山东省农产品贮运保鲜技术重点实验室,山东济南250103 [3]国家农产品现代物流工程技术研究中心,山东济南250103 [4]广东海洋大学,广东湛江524000

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2022年第2期146-155,共10页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(SD2019YY005);泰山学者特聘专家项目;山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2019QC018)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究冷驯化降温速率对斑石鲷生理应激的影响,缓解无水保活运输中斑石鲷(Oplegnathus punctatus)的应激反应。【方法】按照1、3、5℃·h^(−1)的降温速率将斑石鲷从17.5~18.5℃降温至临界温度10℃致其休眠,并在该温度下进行无水保活,分别在0 h、2 h、4 h和6 h采样检测斑石鲷相关生理指标的变化情况。【结果】3℃·h^(−1)降温处理组无水保活6 h后斑石鲷存活率最高,为76.7%。同时,随着无水保活时间的推移,各个降温处理组鱼的皮质醇(Cortisol)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、丙二醛(MDA)、血糖(GLU)和乳酸(LAC)含量较降温前均显著升高(P<0.05),而肾上腺素(EPI)、肝糖原(Liver glycogen)、肌糖原(Muscle glycogen)含量较降温前均显著降低(P<0.05);特别是当无水保活时间为6 h,处理组斑石鲷血清各指标较降温前差异最为显著(P<0.05),其中,1℃·h^(−1)降温处理组鱼的血清EPI、皮质醇以及肝脏ALT、肝脏肝糖原含量均显著高于3、5℃·h^(−1)降温处理组(P<0.05),表明1℃·h^(−1)降温速率使斑石鲷产生了更加强烈的应激反应;5℃·h^(−1)降温处理组试验鱼血清AST、MDA、LAC含量较1、3℃·h^(−1)降温处理组显著升高(P<0.05);而3℃·h^(−1)降温处理组鱼血清EPI、AST、ALT、MDA、LAC和肝脏肝糖原含量则显著低于1、5℃·h^(−1)降温处理组(P<0.05),表明3℃·h^(−1)降温速率使斑石鲷产生的应激程度最小,肝损伤程度最低。【结论】以3℃·h^(−1)降温速率冷驯化后无水保活6 h,斑石鲷产生的应激反应最低,建议将其冷驯化过程中的降温速率设为3℃·h^(−1)。【Objective】Physiological response of Oplegnathus punctatus to the rate of temperature lowering was studied to optimize the live fish chill preservation technology for water-conservation transportation.【Method】Live and healthy O.punctatus were chilled at a rate of 1,3,or 5℃·h^(−1) from 17.5–18.5℃to the critical dormancy temperature of 10℃.Kept the fish out of water,in intervals of 0,2,4,and 6 h,sampling for the determination of various physiological indicators was conducted for a data analysis.【Result】The highest survival rate of O.punctatus in 6 h after the treatments was 76.7%with a chilling rate of 3℃·h^(−1).Under the chilling and low-temp preservation,the contents of cortisol,AST,ALT,MDA,GLU,and LAC in the fish of all treatment groups increased significantly(P<0.05),while those of EPI,hepatic glycogen,and muscle glycogen significantly declined(P<0.05).The serum indices of the fish chilled at all 3 rates for 6 h at 10℃changed significantly(P<0.05).The contents of EPI,cortisol,liver ALT,and hepatic glycogen were significantly higher under the 1℃·h^(−1) than the 3℃·h^(−1) or 5℃·h^(−1) treatment(P<0.05)indicating a stronger stress response of the fish by the temperature lowering rate at 1℃·h^(−1) than the other two;while AST,MDA,and LAC were significantly higher under the 5℃·h^(−1) than the 1℃·h^(−1) or 3℃·h^(−1) treatment(P<0.05)and EPI,AST,ALT,MDA,LAC,and hepatic glycogen significantly lower under the 3℃·h^(−1) than the 1℃·h^(−1) or 5℃·h^(−1) treatment(P<0.05)showing the 3℃·h^(−1) rate of chilling minimized the effect of cold stress and lessen the liver injury on O.punctatus in the preservation process.【Conclusion】It appeared that a temperature lowering rate,such as 3℃·h^(−1),could be a tolerable threshold for the fish to make adequate acclimation to recover from physiological ill-effects with a high survival rate out of water at 10℃for 6 h.

关 键 词：斑石鲷 降温速率 无水保活 应激反应 

分 类 号：S983[农业科学—捕捞与储运]