量词与复数形态的统一分析  

A unified analysis of classifiers and plural morphology

作　　者：程工[1] 杨大然 安丰存[3] CHENG Gong;YANG Daran;AN Fengcun(School of International Studies,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;School of International Studies,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 311121,China;School of Foreign Languages,Yanbian University,Yanji 133002,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学外国语言文化与国际交流学院,浙江省310058 [2]杭州师范大学外国语学院,浙江省311121 [3]延边大学外国语学院,吉林省133002

出　　处：《外语教学与研究》2022年第2期163-176,318,共15页Foreign Language Teaching and Research

基　　金：杨大然主持的国家社科基金项目“生物语言学视阈下汉语宏事件编码的形态句法研究”(20BYY163)资助。

摘　　要：本文结合近期最简方案和分布式形态学关于语段、加标和形态等方面的主张,尝试优化对量词和复数形态的统一分析,提出以下观点:1)个体量词与复数形态具有句法同一性,均为强轻名词(n^(*))的形态实现,功能是对名词进行分割,从而使其变得可数;2)物质量词的句法性质与个体量词不同,它们在词库中以词根形式存在,在狭义句法中先与名词性定类语素(n)结合,之后再与n^(*)结合,由此兼具名词和量词的特性;3)汉语和英语的数量结构中发生了不同的形态操作,分别是括号重组和下降,形成了它们之间的表层差异。This paper attempts to improve the unified analysis of classifiers and plural morphology by combining the tenets of the Minimalist Program and Distributed Morphology.It argues that individual classifiers are syntactically identical to plural morphology in that both are morphological realizations of strong light nouns(n^(*)),the major function of which is to divide nouns into countable units.However,massifiers are listed as roots in the lexicon without any grammatical features.They successively merge with weak light nouns(n) and n^(*),whereby the properties of both nouns and classifiers are derived.Moreover,their structures are subject to modification by different types of morphological operations,namely Rebracketing in classifier languages and Lowering in plural morphology ones,giving rise to surface differences between them.

关 键 词：量词 复数形态 个体量词 物质量词 轻名词 

分 类 号：H043[语言文字—语言学]