从方式状语看汉英双宾结构的构造  

A view of double object constructions in Chinese and English from manner adverbials

作　　者：汪昌松[1] WANG Changsong(School of Foreign Languages,Beijing Institute of Technology/Key Laboratory of Language,Cognition and Compulation,Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,Beijing 100248,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学外国语学院/工信部语言工程与认知计算重点实验室,北京市100248

出　　处：《外语教学与研究》2022年第2期201-213,319,共14页Foreign Language Teaching and Research

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“句法–形态接口视域下的汉语‘得’字结构的跨语言研究”(17BYY157)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文从方式状语视角考察汉英双宾结构,发现汉语双宾动词都不易受方式状语修饰,英语双宾动词中give类不易受方式状语修饰,而send类无此限制。在分布式形态学的理论框架下,本文提出并论证:1)汉英双宾结构中的动词并非带完整题元信息的行为动词,而是动词词根,通过与轻动词(?HAVE/?LOSE-)?CAUSE进行外部(形态)合并后实现,旨在满足轻动词的词缀特性、充实轻动词的语义、表致使拥有或失去的方式;2)汉英双宾结构的差异在于动词词根引入的语法界面不同:汉语双宾结构中的动词词根均在形态层引入,英语双宾结构中give类动词词根在形态层引入,而send类动词词根在句法层引入。本文分析说明动词词根的选择受轻动词语义、语用的选择限制。This article explores the structures of double object constructions(DOCs) in Chinese and English from the perspective of manner adverbials.The restriction of manner adverbial modification has been observed in Chinese DOCs.The same restriction is found only in the give type of DOCs in English but not in the send type.Under the framework of Distributed Morphology,we propose that the verbs in DOCs are not action verbs with theta roles but verbal roots that are introduced to meet the affixal properties of light verbs like ?CAUSE and ?HAVE/?LOSE,denoting the manner of the causation of having/losing something.The main difference between Chinese and English DOCs lies in the exact levels of verbal root merger.All the verbal roots in Chinese DOCs are introduced after syntax at the morphological level via External Morphological Merger.By contrast,only the give type of DOCs in English is introduced at the morphological level via External Morphological Merger,with the send type being introduced in syntax via External Merge.The article reveals that the selection of verbal roots is constrained semantically/pragmatically by light verbs.

关 键 词：双宾结构 方式状语修饰 词根 外部(形态)合并 

分 类 号：H043[语言文字—语言学]