五四新文化运动对民国初期学校体育转型的影响及其诱因阐释  

Influence of the May Fourth New Culture Movement on School PE Transformation in the Early Republic of China and the Inducements

作　　者：王妍[1] 于海娟[2] 杨敢峰 WANG Yan;YU Haijuan;YANG Ganfeng(School of Physical Education and Sports,Soochow University,Suzhou 215021,Jiangsu China;Suzhou Industrial Park Institute of Services Outsourcing,Suzhou 215123,Jiangsu China)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学体育学院,江苏苏州215021 [2]苏州工业园区服务外包职业学院,江苏苏州215123

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2022年第2期118-131,共14页Journal of Beijing Sport University

摘　　要：五四新文化运动对中国近代社会的影响空前巨大,乃至对民国初期学校体育的发展产生了至为关键的影响。以五四新文化运动为聚焦,以民国初期学校体育转型事件为研究对象,通过文献资料法、逻辑分析法厘清了推动民国初期学校体育转型的4个重要力量,着重探讨了五四新文化运动及其引领者们在“新体育”思想传播和制度改革方面产生的深刻影响,进而阐释了五四新文化运动主导学校体育转型的诱因理路。研究表明,新文化人士秉持民主和科学思想,抨击“旧体育”的专制和落后,认为“新体育”应谋求“身体自觉”“科学运动”和“合作精神”等现代社会亟需的公民品格。这些主张与“新体育派”的“体育教育观”不谋而合。五四运动后,新文化人士力推之美国实用主义教育思想获得快速传播,在“新教育”改革背景下,新文化人士和“新体育派”联手促成了学校体育的转型。值得镜鉴的是,在五四新文化运动轰轰烈烈的展开过程中,中国外部国际关系的变迁、内部政治运动的博弈、社会与时代发展的需求、美国东亚战略与文化植入等因素,是推动民国初期学校体育转型的内在诱因。对重大体育事件的史实挖掘,以及其背后原因的追问求索,有利于今人以更宏阔的视野、更理性的精神洞晓过去、镜鉴未来。The May Fourth New Culture Movement had an unprecedented impact on the modern Chinese society,and even had a crucial impact on the development of school PE in the early Republic of China. This article focuses on the May Fourth New Culture Movement,and takes events that marked school PE transformation in the early Republic of China as the research subject. Through literature review and logical analysis,this article identifies the four important driving forces for school PE transformation in the early Republic of China. This article mainly discusses the impact of the May Fourth New Culture Movement and its leaders on the dissemination of“New PE”ideology and institutional reforms,and then explains the reasons why the May Fourth New Culture Movement played a fundamental role in school PE transformation. The study shows that those supporting the New Culture Movement upheld democratic and scientific ideas,criticized the autocracy and backwardness of“Old PE”,and believed that“New PE”should seek“physical awareness”,“scientific sports”and“teamwork”and other civic qualities that are needed in the modern society. These qualities coincide with the outlook on PE of those supporting“New PE”. After the May Fourth New Culture Movement the American pragmatism education thought actively promoted by those supporting the New Culture Movement quickly spread. In the context of the“new education”reform,those supporting the New Culture Movement and those supporting“New PE”jointly contributed to school PE transformation.What is inspirational is that during the vigorous development of the May Fourth New Culture Movement,China’s changing international relations,domestic political movements,the needs of society and the development of the times,the US strategy for East Asia and cultural implantation,etc.,were the driving forces for school PE transformation. The analysis of the historical facts of major sporting events,as well as the inquiries about the reasons behind them,are conducive to helping us unde

关 键 词：新文化运动 五四运动 学校体育转型 新体育 实用主义教育 

分 类 号：G807[文化科学—体育训练] K258[文化科学—运动人体科学] K203[文化科学—体育学]