涿州市学龄儿童2019至2020年近视屈光状态进展和近视眼发病率分析  

The incidence of myopia and myopic progression from 2019 to 2020 in school-age children in Zhuozhou

作　　者：刘瑛 康梦田 杨征宇 镇华[3] 刘旭 王海龙 司嘉兴 张美新 Liu Ying;Kang Mengtian;Yang Zhengyu;Zhen Hua;Liu Xu;Wang Hailong;Si Jiaxing;Zhang Meixin(Beijing Tongren Eye Center,Beijing Tongren Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology,Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology&Visual Sciences,Beijing 100730,China;Zhuozhou Liming Eye Hospital,Zhuozhou 0727503,China;Eye Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100040,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院北京同仁眼科中心,北京市眼科研究所,北京市眼科学与视觉科学重点实验室,北京100730 [2]涿州市立明眼科医院,涿州072750 [3]中国中医科学院眼科医院,北京100040

出　　处：《中华眼科杂志》2022年第4期265-271,共7页Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金面上专项(M22019);首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院院内基金(2018-YJJ-ZZL-044)。

摘　　要：目的:分析2个时间点河北省涿州市学龄儿童的屈光状态变化和近视眼患病情况。方法:队列研究。于2019年6至8月对涿州市区6~14岁的中小学生进行视力和屈光检查,并于2020年6至8月再次对该人群进行检查。纳入检查资料完整的30412名受检者进行研究,其中男性15861名(52.2%),女性14551名(47.8%);年龄(10.0±2.7)岁。对受检者双眼进行非睫状肌麻痹下电脑验光,采用标准对数视力表检查裸眼视力,并以近视等效球镜度数≥0.75 D的标准筛查近视眼。分类数据比较采用χ2或Fisher确切概率检验。近视眼发病率的95%置信区间采用Clopper-Pearson精确法进行估计。结果:完成2次检查者30637名(应答率80.25%)。随访1年后男性和女性受检者的等效球镜度数向近视方向飘移量分别为(0.67±1.11)和(0.76±1.11)D。不同年龄段的球镜度数1年变化量的差异有统计学意义(χ2=276.23,P<0.001)。男性和女性受检者裸眼视力降低分别为0.11±0.19和0.12±0.21,裸眼视力下降最明显的年龄是10岁。随访1年期间近视眼发病率为42.2%(95%置信区间为41.47%~42.93%),14岁男性和14岁女性的近视眼发病率最高(52.0%和54.2%),6岁男性和女性的发病率最低(31.0%和33.1%)。结论:随访1年后涿州市学龄人群屈光状态呈明显近视化漂移,裸眼视力下降,同龄者女性比男性的近视眼发病率更高。Objective To analyze the changes in refractive status and prevalence of myopia in 6-to 14-year-old children at 2 time points in Zhuozhou,Hebei Province.Methods In the current cohort study,the visual acuity and refractive status of primary and secondary school students aged 6 to 14 years were examined from June to August 2019 and reexamined from June to August 2020.A total of 30412 subjects with examination data were enrolled,including 15861 males(52.2%)and 14551 females(47.8%),with an average age of(10.0±2.7)years.The participants underwent autorefraction without cycloplegia and a naked eye visual acuity test with a standard logarithmic visual acuity chart.Myopia was screened by the standard of equivalent spherical refraction less than-0.75 diopter(D).The categorical data were analyzed by the Chi-square or Fisher′s exact test.Clopper-Pearson was used to estimate the 95%confidence intervals for the incidence of myopia.Results After the 1-year interval,the change of equivalent spherical refraction was(-0.67±1.11)D and(-0.76±1.11)D,respectively,in male and female participants,and their visual acuity decreased by 0.11±0.19 and 0.12±0.21,respectively.There were significant inter-group differences in the annual change of spherical power in different age groups(χ²=276.23,P<0.001).The naked eye visual acuity reduction was greatest in the 10-year-old students.The incidence of myopia was 42.2%(95%confidence intervals of 41.47%to 42.93%)during the 1-year follow-up period.The incidence of myopia was highest at the age of 14(52.0%in males and 54.2%in females)and lowest at the age of 6(31.0%in males and 33.1%in females).Conclusions The 1-year follow-up revealed an obvious myopic shift in the refractive status of school students in Zhuozhou,with their naked eye visual acuity decreased.The incidence of myopia was higher in females than that in males.

关 键 词：近视 发病率 儿童 流行病学研究 

分 类 号：R778.11[医药卫生—眼科]