基于生态风险评估的生态补偿空间识别及分配:以洞庭湖生态经济区为例  

Identification and Allocation of Ecological Compensation Space Based on Ecological Risk Assessment:A Case Study of Dongting Lake Eco-economic Zone

作　　者：戈健宅 李涛 齐增湘 巩雅博 王佳瑞 赵燕萍 王志远 GE Jian-zhai;LI Tao;QI Zeng-xiang;GONG Ya-bo;WANG Jia-rui;ZHAO Yan-ping;WANG Zhi-yuan(School of Architecture of University of South China,Hengyang 421001,China;Key Laboratory for Ecological Region-Urban Environment Planning and Management of Hengyang City,Hengyang 421001,China;School of Economics,Management and Law,University of South China,Hengyang 421001,China;Hunan Healthy City Construction Engineering Technology Research Center,Hengyang 421001,China)

机构地区：[1]南华大学建筑学院,湖南衡阳421001 [2]生态型区域-城市规划与管理衡阳市重点实验室,湖南衡阳421001 [3]南华大学经济管理与法学学院,湖南衡阳421001 [4]湖南省健康城市营造工程技术研究中心,湖南衡阳421001

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2022年第4期472-484,共13页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：湖南省教育厅重点科研项目(18A245);湖南省社会科学基金(18YBQ106);湖南省科技厅科技计划重点项目(2015SK2003)。

摘　　要：科学识别生态补偿空间并确定生态补偿时序是制定生态补偿政策的必要前提。现有生态补偿研究中缺乏完善的生态风险评估,直接影响区域生态补偿政策的时效性和准确性,导致区域生态系统难以得到及时有效的保护和管理。研究构建了基于生态风险评估的生态补偿空间识别途径,通过依次评估生态系统服务价值、生态供给和生态风险状况,并结合区域经济状况计算生态补偿优先指数,识别生态补偿优先区域,提出确定各单元生态补偿分配权重的方法。以洞庭湖生态经济区为例进行研究,结果表明:(1)2010-2020年研究区生态系统服务价值整体增长333.7亿元,增长率为7.6%,湿地面积增加是其增长的主要原因;(2)将研究区的生态系统服务供给水平与生态系统服务风险水平评为0~5分,生态系统服务供给水平空间分布呈现中心湖区突出、北部较低、由东西向内圈层式递减形态;而生态系统服务风险水平东南部较高,中部湖区最低。总体来看,研究区东部和南部生态供给与生态风险都处于较高水平,应优先给予生态补偿;(3)将研究区划分为4类生态补偿区域:优先补偿区、次级补偿区、一般补偿区和潜在补偿区。其中研究区东部和南部的安化县、平江县、石门县和桃源县作为优先补偿区,分配权重最大,分别为0.182、0.129、0.108和0.110。次级补偿区和一般补偿区的分配权重较低,分别为0.332和0.139。潜在补偿区不参与生态补偿的分配。该研究方法有助于更准确全面地划定生态补偿优先区,确定生态补偿金分配权重,指导区域生态系统的科学管理。Scientific identification of ecological compensation space and the determination of ecological compensation timing are necessary prerequisites for the formulation of ecological compensation policy.The lack of well-established ecological risk assessment in the existing ecological compensation research undermines the timeliness and accuracy of regional ecological compensation policy,posing difficulties to the effective protection and management of the regional eco-systems.In this study,a research framework for the spatial identification of ecological compensation based on ecological risk assessment is constructed,which evaluates the value of ecosystem services,ecological supply,and ecological risk in the region in turn,calculating the priority index of ecological compensation based on regional economic conditions to identify the priority area needing ecological compensation.In addition,it proposes a method to determine the distribution weight of ecological compensation for each unit.This work studies Dongting Lake Eco-Economic Zone and the results show that:(1)The overall value of ecosystem services in the research area increased by 33.37 billion yuan,a 7.6%growth from 2010 to 2020,primarily due to the increase in wetland area;(2)The service supply level and ecosystem service risk level are rated as 0 to 5 points,and the spatial distribution of ecosystem service supply level shows a decreasing pattern from east-west to inward circles,with the central lake area prominent and the northern part lower;While the ecosystem service risk level is higher in the southeast and the lowest in the central lake area.In general,the ecological supply and ecological risks in the eastern and southern parts of the study area are at a high level.Therefore,their ecological compensation should be given priority;(3)The study area is divided into four types of ecological compensation areas,namely,priority compensation area,secondary compensation area,general compensation area,and potential compensation area.Among them,Anhua County,Pingjian

关 键 词：生态补偿 空间识别 生态风险评估 生态系统服务价值 洞庭湖生态经济区 

分 类 号：X22[环境科学与工程—环境科学] TU982[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]