基于卷积神经网络的热轧钢条表面实时缺陷检测  

Real-time defect detection of hot rolling steel bar based on convolution neural network

作　　者：刘艳菊 王秋霁 赵开峰 刘彦忠[2] Liu Yanju;Wang Qiuji;Zhao Kaifeng;Liu Yanzhong(School of Mathematics and Information Science,Nanjing Normal University of Special Education,Nanjing 210038,China;School of Computer and Control Engineering,Qiqihar University,Qiqihar 161000,China)

机构地区：[1]南京特殊教育师范学院数学与信息科学学院,南京210038 [2]齐齐哈尔大学计算机与控制工程学院,齐齐哈尔161000

出　　处：《仪器仪表学报》2021年第12期211-219,共9页Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(61403222)资助。

摘　　要：热轧钢条的表面质量对成品至关重要,因此必须要严格控制热轧钢条的表面出现的缺陷。针对当前YOLOv4算法检测精度不高、对小范围信息表现较差等问题,提出一种改进YOLOv4自动检测方法。首先,将YOLOv4中特征提取网络CSPDarknet53换为轻量级深层神经网络MobileNetv3来提高检测速度,并且加强对检测目标特征提取以及减少梯度消失问题。其次,采用K-Means聚类生成适合本实验的先验框,有效提高学习效率,加快收敛速度。最后,对置信度损失进行重新定义,提出一种能够适应多尺度的损失函数,来解决因正负样本不平衡而导致检测效果差的问题。实验结果表明,该方法较原YOLOv4模型在热轧钢条的表面缺陷检测上的均值平均精度值提高约7.94%,速度提升约4.52 f/s,在保证检测速度的基础上有效提高了精确度。It is important for the surface quality of hot rolled steel strips to make final product.Therefore,it is necessary to strictly control the defects on the surface of hot rolled steel strips.The current you only look once(YOLO)v4 algorithm has low detection accuracy and poor performance on small-scale information.To address these issues,an improved YOLOv4 automatic detection method is proposed.First,to improve detection speed,enhance detection target feature extraction and reduce gradient vanishing,the feature extraction network CSPDarknet53 in YOLOv4 is replaced with the lightweight deep neural network MobileNetv3.Secondly,to improve the learning efficiency and accelerate the convergence speed,the K-Means clustering is utilized to generate a prior box to suit for this experiment.Finally,the confidence loss is redefined and a loss function is proposed that can adapt to the multi-scale to solve the problem of poor detection effect due to the imbalance of positive and negative samples.Compared with the original YOLOv4 model for the surface defect detection of the hot rolled steel strip,experimental results show that the proposed method enhance the mean average precision and the speed about 7.94%and 4.52 f/s,respectively.The accuracy of this model is improved effectively while ensuring the detection speed.

关 键 词：缺陷检测 YOLOv4 MobileNetv3 K-MEANS聚类 

分 类 号：TP391.41[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术] TH878[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]