《礼记·缁衣》“民情不贰”发微  

Discussion on"Min Qing Bu Er"("民情不贰")in Liji·Ziyi

作　　者：杜文君 Du Wenjun

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学历史文化学院,武汉430079

出　　处：《孔子研究》2022年第2期150-156,160,共8页Confucius Studies

摘　　要：《礼记·缁衣》有“有国者章善恶,以示民厚,则民情不贰。《诗》云:‘靖共尔位,好是正直’”一句,其中“民情不贰”的“贰”,学界普遍解释为“二”,意思是“专一不二”。“民情不贰”其意是说“人民专一没有二心”。虽然,“贰”有“背叛”“二心”之意,但是根据传世文献与郭店简、上博简等出土文献可知,“民情不贰”在秦汉流传的过程中还存在其他写法,如民情不忒、民情不弋等。所以此处“贰”释为“二”,是错误替换导致的文字讹误。在秦汉文献中,“贷”“貣”“忒”“贰”常因音近或形近而相互通用,“贰”“忒”又以音近、义近与“慝”经常混用,所以今本“民情不贰”可能原作“民情不慝”,意思是“人民不会使用伪辞刻意隐藏或掩饰所犯的错误”。In the Liji·Ziyi,there is a sentence that"those who have a country have good and evil deeds to show the kindness of the people,then the'Min Qing Bu Er'.The Book of Songs says:'Jing Gonger position,good is integrity'."Among them,the"two"of"Min Qing Bu Er"is generally interpreted by scholars as"two",which means single-minded."Min Qing Bu Er",which means"people are single-minded and have no two minds".Although"two"means"betrayal"and"disloyalty",according to the handed down documents and unearthed documents such as GuoDian Chu Bamboo Slips and Shanghai Museum Bamboo Slips,it can be seen that there are other writing methods of"Min Qing Bu Er"in the process of spreading in Qin and Han Dynasties,such as"Min Qing Bu Te"("民情不忒")and"Min Qing Bu Yi"("民情不弋").Therefore,the translation of"two"("贰")here into"two"("二")is a word error caused by wrong replacement.In the documents of Qin and Han Dynasties,"Dai"("贷"),"Dai"("貣"),"Te"("忒"),"Er"("贰")are often mixed with each other because of their close sound or shape,and"Er"("贰")or"Te"("忒")can often be borrowed as"Te"("慝")because of their close sound and meaning.Therefore,"people's feelings are not different"may be the original"Min Qing Bu Er",which means that"people will not use false words to deliberately hide or cover up mistakes".

关 键 词：《礼记》 “民情不贰” 忒 慝 

分 类 号：B222[哲学宗教—中国哲学]