中国古典小说虚构思想的发展——兼论虚构与艺术真实的关系  

On the Development and the Related Artistic Reality of the Fiction Thoughts within Chinese Classical Novels

作　　者：赵炎秋[1] 胡晓芳 Zhao Yanqiu;Hu Xiaofang

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学文学院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《江西社会科学》2022年第2期149-158,207,208,共12页Jiangxi Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中西叙事传统比较研究”(16ZDA195)。

摘　　要：在中国古典小说发展史上,先后出现了采录异闻的逸闻小说、设幻好奇的神怪小说、据史演义的历史小说、因文生事的英雄小说和据实虚构的世情小说。中国古典小说创作方式与题材类型的历史发展,彰显了小说虚构意识从尚未觉醒,到开始自觉,到由隐趋显,再到趋向自由,最终臻于成熟的过程以及小说艺术真实从以虚为实,到去实向虚,到融虚入实,再到虚而近实,终至虚实如一的过程;并且,这一过程还表明,与深具“摹仿”及“再现”传统的西方古典小说相比,中国古典小说在“尚真”的历史追求中,也始终保有“尚奇”的民族特色,因而具有别样的文化意蕴和情感意味。In the history of Chinese classical novels,there has sequentially emerged 5 types of novels,namely,anecdote novels which were created by collecting and recording unusual anecdotes,fantasy novels which were created by presenting curious fantasy and imagination,historical novels which were created by retelling official historical records and supplementing imaginary details,heroic novels which were created by extending brief heroic traces to multiple heroic stories and legends,and social reality and human relationship novels which were created by strictly following the reason of the real world,and honestly reviewing one’s own experience.The development process of the named 5 novel types and their corresponding creating methods has indicated the progressive development of the fiction thoughts within Chinese classical novels,and also indicated the phased improvement of the artistic reality created by Chinese classical novels.However,the particular development process has also showed that compared with western classical novels which were marked with the tradition of mimesis and representation,Chinese classical novels were not only featured with progressive artistic reality,but also featured with persistent pursuit of pleasant wonder.The traditional-national characteristics thus laid special cultural implication and emotional fascination into Chinese classical novels.

关 键 词：中国古典小说 小说虚构思想 艺术真实 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]