基于水化学特征的长江源区生态水文学研究进展  

Research progress of ecological hydrology based on hydrochemical characteristics in the source region of the Yangtze River

作　　者：李宗杰 段然 柯浩成 刘晓颖 谢庚淼 高文德 宋玲玲[3] 张百娟 桂娟 薛健 南富森 梁鹏飞 李玉辰 LI Zongjie;DUAN Ran;KE Haocheng;LIU Xiaoying;XIE Gengmiao;GAO Wende;SONG Lingling;ZHANG Baijuan;GUI Juan;XUE Jian;NAN Fusen;LIANG Pengfei;LI Yuchen(College of Energy and Power Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China;Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin/Gansu Qilian Mountains Ecology Research Center,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;College of Forestry,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院,甘肃兰州730050 [2]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室/甘肃省祁连山生态环境研究中心,甘肃兰州730000 [3]甘肃农业大学林学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2022年第1期288-298,共11页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42077187;42007426);冻土工程国家重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLFSE202011)资助。

摘　　要：气候变暖背景下,冰雪、冻土剧烈消融引起的寒区径流成分改变对流域径流演变规律及水循环机制产生了深刻影响。对长江源区各水体水化学特征及其生态水文学研究进行归纳总结,主要进展包括:长江源区的大气降水的水汽来源主要受西风环流和季风环流的控制。冰雪融水的水化学特征受到消融强度、消融持续时间和新雪融水的影响,同时在冰雪融水、积雪以及冰川融水之间可能存在化学离子的交换。冻土层上水受到降水、冰雪融水、地下冰融水等的混合补给,造成水化学特征变化的随机波动。海拔在4500 m的地区是冻土层上水水化学特征对研究区离子控制源较为敏感的区域。随着海拔高度的增加,降雨直接补给对河水中化学离子的稀释作用逐渐减弱,同时,海拔从4500 m到5000 m的降水对河水中离子浓度的稀释效果最大,而在海拔5000 m以上河水主要受冰雪融水的补给,降水和消融期的变化对河水水化学的影响很小。研究结果为更系统地认知寒区下垫面变化所引起的水文效应提供科学依据,为流域水资源的合理开发利用提供决策依据。Under the climate warming,the severe melting of glacier,snow and frozen soil,which have resulted in the evolution of runoff and the generation of water cycle mechanism in the cold watershed.By summarizing the research on the water chemistry characteristics of various water bodies in the source area of the Yangtze Riv⁃er.Research progress of ecological hydrology based on hydrochemical characteristics in the source region of the Yangtze River mainly includes:(1)The water vapor source of precipitation is mainly controlled by westerly cir⁃culation and monsoon circulation in the source region of the Yangtze River.(2)The hydrochemical characteris⁃tics of glacier snowmelt water is affected by the intensity,duration and fresh snow melt water of melting water.At the same time,there may be hydrochemical exchange among ice snow melt water,snow cover and glacier meltwater.(3)Supra-permafrost water is supplied by precipitation,glacier snowmelt water,and ground ice meltwater,which causes random fluctuation of hydrochemical characteristics.The area with an altitude of 4500 m is sensitive to the ion control source in the study area.(4)With the increase of altitude,the dilution effect of rainfall direct recharge on chemical ions in river water gradually weakens.At the same time,precipitation from 4500 m to 5000 m has the greatest effect on ion concentration in river water,while rivers above 5000 m are main⁃ly supplied by glacier snowmelt water,and the changes of precipitation and ablation period have little impact on hydrochemical characteristics of river water.The research results can provide scientific basis for more systematic understanding of the hydrological effect caused by the change of underlying surface in cold region and provide decision-making basis for rational development and utilization in the cold regions.

关 键 词：长江源区 生态水文 水化学特征 

分 类 号：X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学] P342[天文地球—水文科学]