隐喻的自我——以保罗·德曼对卢梭《那喀索斯》、《皮格马利翁》的解读为例  

The Metaphoric Self:Taking Paul de Man’s Study on Rousseau’s Narcissus and Pygmalion as an Example

作　　者：张文琦 ZHANG Wenqi

机构地区：[1]石家庄铁道大学语言文化学院

出　　处：《国外文学》2022年第1期1-9,共9页Foreign Literatures

摘　　要：在卢梭后期的创作活动中,“自我”问题成为他关注的核心议题之一。在德曼对卢梭文本的解读中,自我被解释为一种语言修辞性的产物,带有隐喻的特征。在对剧作《那喀索斯》的解释中,德曼通过分析自我同反身代词之间的差异关系来说明自我的隐喻结构,并且认为写作是修辞的结果而非作者主观意识的产物。《皮格马利翁》讲述了自我中心隐喻失败的修辞学特征,极性对立的话语结构一方面产生了自我中心的隐喻,另一方面也作为解构话语瓦解了自我的中心性。由于语言所固有的指称性,自我在修辞的意义上得以重建,从而展示了作为隐喻的自我同其表现形式之间复杂的辩证关系。In his work, Rousseau attached significant importance to the concept of the self, which became a vital issue he had to address. In de Man’s reinterpretation, the notion of the self has been further explained as a rhetorical product of language with metaphorical characteristics. By analyzing the difference between the self as a concept and the self as a reflexive pronoun, in the play Narcissus, de Man reveals the figurative structure of the self and argues that writing is the result of rhetoric rather than the product of the author’s consciousness. In the same spirit, he draws meaningful parallels to Pygmalion, which also displays the rhetorical characteristics pertaining to a failing metaphorical self. Therefore, on one hand, the antithetic polarity between a concept and a pronoun generates the metaphorical self, and on the other, it deconstructs its centrality. Having in mind the referential nature of language, the present paper focuses on rebuilding the notion of the self in the sense of rhetoric by underlining the dialectical relationship between the metaphorical self and its manifestation.

关 键 词：自我 隐喻 修辞 解构 

分 类 号：I565.073[文学—其他各国文学]