四十不惑:我国证明责任理论与规范的协同演进史综述  

A Summary of the Cooperative Evolution History of the Theory and Norm of Burden of Proof in my country

作　　者：胡学军 HU Xue-jun(School of Law,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法学院,上海201620

出　　处：《河北法学》2022年第4期77-94,共18页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“比较法视野下民事证据制度本土化研究”(20BFX094)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：正确全面理解我国证明责任规范的演进历史及其与本土学术理论研究之间的互动关系,才能正确把握现行规范的意义。从我国1982年颁布第一部《民事诉讼法(试行)》至今40年关于证明责任法律与司法解释规范的变迁及其背后理论学说的转向大致可分为传统举证责任概念主导、证明责任“双重涵义说”确立、现代证明责任理论的深入探索、本土化证明责任建构四个时期。我国证明责任理论的演进就是从“迷思概念”到成熟学说、从程序法上的“谁主张、谁举证”到实体上的“依法分配证明责任”的过程。清晰界定证明责任理论核心及周边概念、真正理清证明责任分配理论的细节、清楚区分实践中证明难题所属的“问题域”,仍将是可以预见的一段时期内民事证据法学研究的理论任务。Only by correctly and comprehensively understanding the evolution history of my country’ s burden of proof norms and its interaction with local academic theoretical research can we correctly grasp the meaning of the current norms.From our country’ s first Civil Procedure Law(promulgated in 1982) to the present 40 years,the changes in the burden of proof law and judicial interpretation and the shift in theories and theories behind it can be roughly divided into four periods:the period when the traditional concept of the responsibility of providing evidence dominates,the period of establishment of the “dual meaning theory of burden of proof ”,the period of in-depth exploration of modern theory of burden of proof,the period of construction of localized burden of proof.The evolution of the theory of the burden of proof in our country is the process from “misconcept” to mature theory,from “who advocates who provides evidence” in procedural law to the substantive “distribution of burden of proof according to law”.Clearly defining the core and surrounding concepts of the burden of proof theory,truly clarifying the details of the theory of burden of proof distribution,and clearly distinguishing the “problem domain” to which the difficulty of proof in practice belongs will still be the theoretical task of civil evidence law research for a foreseeable period of time.

关 键 词：证明责任 举证责任 证明责任分配 “谁主张、谁举证” 要件事实 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]