少根紫萍干粉对典型锕系核素的吸附分离研究  

Study on adsorption and separation of typical actinides using dried Landoltia punctata-based powder

作　　者：聂小琴[1] 董发勤[2] 刘宁[3] 刘明学[4] Nie Xiaoqin;Dong Faqin;Liu Ning;Liu Mingxue(Fundamental Science on Nuclear Wastes and Environmental Safety Laboratory,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang Sichuan 621010,China;Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle,Ministry of Education,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang Sichuan 621010,China;Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology(Sichuan University),Ministry of Education/Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology,Sichuan University,Chengdu Sichuan 610064,China;School of Life Science and Engineering,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang Sichuan 621010,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学核废物与环境安全省部共建协同创新中心,四川绵阳621010 [2]西南科技大学固体废物处理与资源化教育部重点实验室,四川绵阳621010 [3]四川大学原子核科学技术研究所,辐射物理及技术教育部重点实验室,四川成都610064 [4]西南科技大学生命科学与工程学院,四川绵阳621010

出　　处：《化工矿物与加工》2022年第4期1-9,共9页Industrial Minerals & Processing

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41877323)。

摘　　要：放射性污染的环境修复与治理是当前研究的热点和难点。考查了不同pH和基团屏蔽对少根紫萍干粉吸附典型长寿命锕系核素性能的影响和规律,结果发现,少根紫萍干粉对^(238)U、^(239)Pu、^(241)Am的吸附效果在pH分别为5、5、1时最佳。对含有^(239)Pu和^(241)Am的溶液分别进行了6批次和3批次吸附实验,结果发现:溶液中^(239)Pu放射性活度浓度可从6.78 MBq/L梯次递降至3.20×10^(3) Bq/L;溶液中^(241)Am放射性活度浓度可从1.29×10^(5) Bq/L梯次递降至2.00 Bq/L,接近GB 8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》中规定的∑α放射性活度浓度(1 Bq/L)的排放标准。经过化学修饰和红外光谱分析,发现少根紫萍干粉表面的羧基、氨基、酯基、磷酸基和羟基等活性基团对^(238)U、^(239)Pu和^(241)Am的吸附作用均有一定程度的贡献,机理是少根紫萍干粉首先通过静电将其离子吸引至细胞表面,然后通过离子交换及表面活性基团络合配位协同作用实现对放射性废液中锕系元素的高效吸附和分离。The reclamation and disposal of radioactive contaminated environment are becoming highlights and research interests in the world.The influence of different pH and group shielding on the adsorption performance of typical long-life actinides using dried Landoltia punctata-based powder and the law were investigated.It is found that the optimum adsorption of ^(238)U,^(239)Pu and ^(241)Am using dried Landoltia punctata-based powder was achieved at pH 5,pH 5 and pH 1 respectively.Adsorption experiments on the solution containing ^(239)Pu and ^(241)Am had been undertaken for six batches and three batches separately.The results show that the radioactivity concentration of ^(239)Pu in the solution can be lowered from 6.78 MBq/L to 3.20×10^(3) Bq/L,while that of ^(241)Am in the solution can be reduced from 1.29×10^(5) Bq/L to 2.00 Bq/L,which approximated to the ∑α radioactivity concentration of 1 Bq/L as the threshold specified in Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard GB 8978-1996.Upon chemical modification and infrared spectroscopy,it was found that the carboxyl group,amino-group,ester group,phosphate group and hydroxyl group on the surface of dried Landoltia punctata-based powder contributed to the adsorption of ^(238)U,^(239)Pu and ^(241)Am to a certain extent.The dried Landoltia punctata-based powder is electrostatically attracted to the cell surface,and the efficient adsorption and separation of actinide elements contained in radioactive effluent can be achieved via further ion exchange and complexing coordination of surface active groups.

关 键 词：少根紫萍干粉 锕系核素 吸附分离 基团屏蔽 ^(238)U ^(239)Pu ^(241)Am 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]