不同曝气方式对人工湿地细菌多样性、代谢活性及功能的影响  

Effects of Different Aeration Treatments on Bacterial Diversity,Metabolic Activity,and Function in Constructed Wetlands

作　　者：王飞鹏 黄亚玲 张瑞瑞 岳琛 李飞翔 张超月 穆景利 WANG Fei-peng;HUANG Ya-ling;ZHANG Rui-rui;YUE Chen;LI Fei-xiang;ZHANG Chao-yue;MU Jing-li(Institute of Oceanography,Minjiang University,Fuzhou 350108,China;College of Resources and Environment,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;College of Environment and Safety Engineering,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350116,China)

机构地区：[1]闽江学院海洋研究院,福州350108 [2]福建农林大学资源与环境学院,福州350002 [3]福州大学环境与安全工程学院,福州350116

出　　处：《环境科学》2022年第4期2007-2017,共11页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1404803);福建省自然科学基金项目(2020J01866);福建省教育厅中青年教师教育科研项目(JAT190628);福建省海洋经济专项(ZHHY-2019-1);自然资源部东海局青年科学基金项目(202012)。

摘　　要：细菌在人工湿地去除污染物过程中起着非常关键的作用.基于DNA和RNA高通量测序技术探讨了不同曝气强化方式影响下的人工湿地单元内细菌多样性、代谢活性和功能.结果发现:①养殖废水和人工湿地处理组共检测到细菌4042个操作分类单元(OTUs),其中α-变形菌、γ-变形菌和拟杆菌为多样性最高的类群,且人工湿地曝气强化方式会在一定程度上增加细菌的多样性;②基于DNA和RNA测序结果均发现细菌优势类群主要为:α-变形菌、γ-变形菌、拟杆菌和放线菌,且这4种类群代谢活性主要受到总氮(TN)和硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)浓度的调控;③基于FAPROTAX数据库功能注释,共检测到56个细菌功能群组,主要为:化能异养、好氧化能异养、发酵、胞内寄生、暗氢氧化、光合自养、光合异养和硝酸盐还原.氮循环相关功能的发现表明细菌在人工湿地去除氮营养盐过程中起着非常关键的作用.该结果有助于加强对曝气处理下人工湿地去除污染物过程中细菌群落结构及功能的认识.Bacteria play a key role in the removal of pollutants and nutrients in constructed wetlands.DNA and RNA high-throughput sequencing was used to investigate the diversity,metabolic activity,and function of bacteria in aquaculture wastewater and in constructed wetlands treated by different aeration levels.The results revealed that:①a total of 4042 operational taxonomic units(OTUs)were detected in aquaculture wastewater and constructed wetland treatment groups.α-Proteobacteria,γ-Proteobacteria,and Bacteroidia were the most diverse groups,and the constructed wetlands aeration treatment increased the bacterial diversity to a variable extent;②α-Proteobacteria,γ-Proteobacteria,Bacteroidia,and Actinobacteria were the dominant groups both in the DNA and RNA sequencing results,and the metabolic activities of these four groups were significantly affected by the concentration of total nitrogen(TN)and nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(-)-N)in our study.③According to the FAPROTAX database,56 bacterial functional groups were detected in our study,mainly including:chemoheterotrophy,aerobic chemoheterotrophy,fermentation,intracellular parasites,dark hydrogen oxidation,phototrophy,photoheterotrophy,and nitrate reduction.Functions related to the nitrogen cycle were observed in the results of function annotation,suggesting the important role of bacterial communities in the removal of nitrogen nutrients in constructed wetlands.These results will improve the understanding of bacterial community structures and functions during nutrient removal in aerated constructed wetlands.

关 键 词：人工湿地(CW) 高通量测序 细菌群落结构 代谢活性 FAPROTAX功能预测 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]