我国长江中下游平原典型稻田含碳温室气体通量变化特性  

Changing Characteristics of Carbon-Based Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Paddy Field in the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain in China

作　　者：刘硕 甄晓杰 刘钢[4] 冯兆忠[2,5] LIU Shuo;ZHEN Xiao-jie;LIU Gang;FENG Zhao-zhong(College of Environment,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310014,China;State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;Jiangsu Tynoo Corporation,Wuxi 214135,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;School of Applied Meteorology,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学环境学院,杭州310014 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [3]江苏天诺基业生态科技有限公司,无锡214135 [4]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,南京210008 [5]南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,南京210044

出　　处：《环境科学》2022年第4期2151-2162,共12页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0209703)。

摘　　要：近年来关于碳排放研究的内容越来越受到重视,我国提出了在2030年实现碳达峰的战略目标,因此对我国温室气体排放监测的研究显得非常重要.基于涡度相关法对我国长江中下游区域典型稻田生长季的CO_(2)和CH_(4)通量进行监测分析,结果发现整个观测阶段稻田CO_(2)通量呈"U"型曲线,整体表现为汇,分蘖期开始出现负值,抽穗期降到最低,通量平均值为-3.33μmol·(m^(2)·s)^(-1).CH_(4)通量与CO_(2)通量趋势大致相反,先增加后减少,在分蘖期和拔节期迅猛上升,孕穗期从峰值降到低谷,通量平均值为0.11μmol·(m^(2)·s)^(-1),通量最大值为0.40μmol·(m^(2)·s)^(-1),出现在拔节期末端孕穗期初.CO_(2)通量从07:00开始下降,在13:00左右达到最低约-16.01μmol·(m^(2)·s)^(-1),白天通量值为负,晚上通量值为正.CH_(4)通量为晚上低白天高,06:00开始增加,14:00左右达到峰值约0.16μmol·(m^(2)·s)^(-1),夜间通量较平稳.整个观测阶段,空气温度与CH_(4)通量呈指数相关,饱和水汽压差与CH_(4)通量呈线性相关,且拔节期最为显著,但两因子与CO_(2)通量的响应关系相对较弱.不同尺度分析表明,日变化尺度上的CO_(2)和CH_(4)通量与两因子的响应关系要好于季节尺度,白天的响应关系要好于晚上.CH_(4)通量在日变化尺度上随着CO_(2)通量的增加而显著降低,但在季节尺度上两者相关性不明显.人为施肥过程减缓了稻田CH_(4)排放.In recent years,carbon emission research has been receiving increasing attention.China has put forward the strategic goal of achieving a carbon emission peak by 2030.Hence this research is very important for the measurement of greenhouse gas emissions in China.CO_(2) and CH_(4) fluxes from a paddy field in the middle-lower Yangtze Plain in China were analyzed based on the eddy covariance technique.The CO_(2) flux showed an"U"curve during the observation period,with an average flux of-3.33μmol·(m^(2)·s)^(-1),which was a sink.Negative values appeared at the tillering stage,and the minimum was shown at the heading period.The CH_(4) flux trend was roughly opposite to the that of the CO_(2) flux,which first increased and then decreased.It raised rapidly during the tillering and jointing stages and then dropped rapidly from the peak to the trough during the booting stage,and only a slight increase was found in the blooming stage.The maximum flux[0.40μmol·(m^(2)·s)^(-1)]appeared at the beginning of the booting stage and the end of the jointing stage,and the average flux was 0.11μmol·(m^(2)·s)^(-1).The CO_(2) flux was positive at night and negative during the day.It decreased from 07:00 and reached a minimum around 13:00 at-16.01μmol·(m^(2)·s)^(-1).The CH_(4) flux was low at night and high during the daytime.It increased at 06:00 and reached a peak around 14:00,at approximately 0.16μmol·(m^(2)·s)^(-1).An exponential correlation was found between air temperature and CH_(4) flux.The vapor pressure deficit showed a linear correlation with CH_(4) flux.The response of environmental factors on CO_(2) fluxes and CH_(4) fluxes on a diurnal scale was greater than that on a seasonal scale,and the daytime response was greater than that at night.CH_(4) flux decreased significantly with the increase in CO_(2) flux on the diurnal scale,but the correlation was not obvious on the seasonal scale.The increased CH_(4) flux slowed down after fertilizing.

关 键 词：稻田 长江中下游平原 涡度相关 CO_(2)和CH_(4)通量 环境因子 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]