休耕生态补偿对农户收入的影响——以地下水超采区为例  

Impact of fallowed farmland eco-compensation on farmers’income:A case study of groundwater over-exploited areas

作　　者：柳荻 胡振通[3,4] 柳金昊 LIU Di;HU Zhentong;LIU Jinhao(Post-doctoral Research Workstation,Postal Savings Bank of China,Beijing 100808,China;School of Economics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;College of Humanities and Development Studies,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;China Eco-compensation Policy Research Center,Beijing 100193,China;College of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国邮政储蓄银行博士后科研工作站,北京100808 [2]北京大学经济学院,北京100871 [3]中国农业大学人文与发展学院,北京100083 [4]中国生态补偿政策研究中心,北京100193 [5]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083

出　　处：《资源科学》2022年第2期350-364,共15页Resources Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0401408-08);清华大学中国农村研究院博士论文奖学金项目(201716)。

摘　　要：休耕是实施“藏粮于地”战略、落实耕地保护政策、践行生态文明思想的重要举措,探究休耕生态补偿政策对农户收入的影响,对于评估和完善休耕制度具有重要意义。本文以华北平原地下水超采区为例,运用330个农户样本的调研数据,通过倾向得分匹配法和分位数回归法,分析休耕生态补偿对休耕农户收入的影响及其对不同收入水平休耕农户的影响差异。研究发现:①休耕生态补偿对休耕农户收入整体上具有正向影响,家庭人均收入水平提高约24%;农户主要通过增加非农就业来增加间接收入实现增收,而无法实现非农就业的休耕农户收入会减少。②休耕生态补偿对不同收入水平的休耕农户收入影响存在差异,对中等收入和中等偏下收入农户群体的家庭收入具有显著正向影响,对低收入、中等偏上和高收入农户群体的家庭收入影响不显著。③农户家庭人均收入水平受到农户自身特征的影响,家庭平均受教育程度、平均健康程度、村干部家庭、外出务工劳动力、耕地面积、租入耕地、参加专业技能培训对农户家庭人均收入有显著的正向影响。完善休耕生态补偿制度,需要充分尊重农户休耕意愿,着力解决休耕区域剩余劳动力再就业的问题,对于低收入水平的休耕农户,可以提供公益性岗位等特殊就业渠道。Fallow is an important measure to implement the farmland protection policy,promote the strategy of“storing grain in the land”,and realize ecological civilization.It is of great significance to study the impact of fallowed farmland eco-compensation on farmers’income to evaluate and improve the fallow system.Based on the sample data of 330 households in angroundwater over-exploited area of the North China Plain and using the propensity score matching method and the quantile regression method,this study empirically analyzed the impact of eco-compensation for fallowed farmland on household income in groundwater over-exploited areas.The results show that:(1)Fallowed farmland eco-compensation has a positive impact on the income of the participating farmers on the whole,and the per capita income level of the participating households increases by about 24%.Farmers participated in the program increase their income mainly by increasing non-agricultural employment,while the income of participating farmers who cannot find non-agricultural employment decreases.(2)Fallowed farmland eco-compensation has different impacts on the participating farmers at different income levels.It has a significant positive impact on the income of middle-income and lower-middle-income households,while it doesnot have a significant positive impact on the income of low-income,upper-middle-income,and high-income households.(3)The per capita income level of farmer households is affected by their own characteristics,such as the average education level,average health level,village cadre family,migrating for work,cultivated land area,renting in cultivated land and participating in skill training,which have a significant and positive impact on it.Considering the different impacts of fallowed farmland eco-compensation policy on participating farmers’income,the willingness of farmers to participate in the program should be fully respected.Efforts should be made to solve the problem of reemployment of surplus labor in the program areas by improving

关 键 词：休耕 生态补偿 耕地保护 地下水超采区 农户收入 倾向得分匹配法 分位数回归 华北平原 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程] F323.8[经济管理—产业经济] F812.8