无人机机载干涉阵列外场试验平台  

Drone-airborne Interference Array Platform for Outfield Tests

作　　者：胡雅斯 邓丽 朱尧 HU Yasi;DENG Li;ZHU Yao(Key Laboratory of Electronics and Information Technology for Space System,National Space Science Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家空间科学中心复杂航天系统电子信息技术重点实验室,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《空间科学学报》2022年第2期313-320,共8页Chinese Journal of Space Science

摘　　要：超长波波段的电波波长为十米到几百米,如果要在超长波波段对宇宙射电信号实现高分辨率成像,天线口径通常需要达到波长数百倍乃至数千倍以上,传统的单天线方法不再适用。月球背面是在日地空间中开展超长波观测的最佳地点。空间分布式被动微波干涉成像技术的主要思想是利用分布式卫星星座,在深空实现超大的干涉测量基线替代大口径天线,实现对宇宙射电源的高分辨率成像。为促进方案优化,需在卫星在轨部署前开展充分的地面试验,对空间分布式干涉测量系统的关键技术进行验证。为消除地面试验中通信测距系统的多径效应,并实现支持多无人机编队与控制,达到cm级定位精度等要求,本文搭建了无人机机载干涉阵列外场试验平台,通过无人机搭载有效载荷,模拟多星绕月自主编队飞行,形成不同尺度的干涉基线。该平台可应用于超长波天文观测阵列(DSL),开展测距与测角等原理性验证,也可推广用于其他分布式无人机机载试验。As the wavelength of ultra-long band radio waves is from several meters to several hundred meters, to achieve high-resolution imaging of cosmic radio signals in the ultra-long wave band, the antenna diameter is usually required to reach hundreds or even thousands times of the wavelength. The traditional single antenna method is no longer applicable. The far side of the Moon is shielded from radio interference from Earth and has the quietest electromagnetic environment in the solar and terrestrial space, making it ideal for ultra-long-wave observations. The main idea of space-distributed passive microwave interference imaging technology is to use distributed satellite constellations to achieve oversized interferometric baselines in deep space to realize the high-resolution imaging of cosmic radio sources, instead of using large aperture antenna. In order to promote the scheme optimization, it is necessary to conduct sufficient ground tests before the satellites are deployed in-orbit to verify the key technologies of the space distributed interferometry system. The drone-airborne interference array platform is built for effectively solving the multipath effects of the communication ranging system in ground tests, supporting multi-drone formation and control, and the positioning accuracy is up to the centimeter level. By carrying payloads on drones and simulating satellites’ autonomous formation flying around the Moon, interference baselines in different scales are formed. The platform can be used in the mission of Discovering the Sky at the Longest wavelength with small satellites(DSL) to conduct principle verifications such as ranging and angle measurement. It can also be popularized for other distributed drone airborne tests, which is economically feasible and has good application prospects.

关 键 词：超长波波段 无人机群 编队 干涉阵列 试验平台 

分 类 号：V524[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]