菌株对苜蓿和燕麦中木质素降解的影响  

Effects of Bacterial Strains on Lignin Degradation in Alfalfa and Oat

作　　者：裴丽鹏 熊乙 聂志文 宋佳磊 刘宁宁 许庆方[1] PEI Lipeng;XIONG Yi;NIE Zhiwen;SONG Jialei;LIU Ningning;XU Qingfang(College of Grassland Science,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China;College of Grassland Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Jiuqiangfushuo Agricultural Company of Shuozhou,Shuozhou 036002,China;College of Plant Protection,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学草业学院,山西太谷030801 [2]中国农业大学草业科学与技术学院,北京100193 [3]朔州市久强富朔农业科技有限公司,山西朔州036002 [4]山西农业大学植物保护学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2022年第4期525-531,共7页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专项子课题(2017YFD0502103-2);华北地区饲草加工技术示范推广(16200157-18);雨热同季高质量苜蓿干草收贮技术示范与研发(K482111053)。

摘　　要：优质苜蓿和燕麦干草对草食畜牧业高效健康发展起着重要作用,但是苜蓿和燕麦干草中含有木质素,而木质素一定程度上阻碍了苜蓿和燕麦干草等饲草营养效果的发挥。为了探究生物发酵对木质素降解的效能,提升苜蓿和燕麦的饲用价值,以金皇后紫花苜蓿和燕科2号燕麦为研究对象,将初花期苜蓿和灌浆期燕麦刈割后,晾晒、压捆。将具备降解木质素功能的阿氏芽孢杆菌(Bacillus aryabhattai,BA)、约氏不动杆菌(Acinetobacter johnsonii,AJ)、鲁菲不动杆菌(Acinetobacter lwoffii,AL)、云南微球菌(Micrococcus yunnanensis,MY)、类动胶杜擀氏菌(Duganella zoogloeoides,DZ)和鞘氨醇杆菌(Sphingobium yanoikuyae,SY)6株细菌菌株,经活化后制备为菌液,添加至苜蓿和燕麦干草中,利用近红外光谱分析仪对处理前后苜蓿和燕麦干草的干物质、粗灰分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、木质素、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维等含量进行测定,评估其饲用价值。结果表明,6株试验菌添加至苜蓿干草,木质素含量以及中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量的变化规律基本一致,均有不同程度降低,其中,鲁非不动杆菌对苜蓿干草的营养成分和饲用价值的改善较好,使得苜蓿干草的营养成分和饲用价值显著提升;而在燕麦干草中分别添加6株菌剂未能提升其饲用价值。在调制苜蓿干草中,可以添加菌剂降解木质素而提升干草的品质。High quality alfalfa and oat hay play a vital role in the healthy development of herbivorous animal husbandry,but alfalfa and oat hay contain lignocellulose,and lignocellulose to a certain extent hinders the nutritional effects of alfalfa,oat hay and other forage grasses.In order to explore the effect of biological fermentation on lignin degradation and improve the feeding value of alfalfa and oat hay,in this study,Golden Queen alfalfa hay and Yanke 2 oat hay were taken as objects researched.After cutting alfalfa and oat at the early flowering stage of alfafa and filling stage of oat,they were dried and pressed.6 strains of bacteria with function of lignocellulose degradation including Bacillus arybhattai(BA),Johnsonii avinetobacter(AJ),Acinetobacter lwoffii(AL),Micrococcus yunnanensis(MY),Duganella zoogloeoides(DZ),and Sphingobium yanoikuyae(SY)were prepared into bacteria suspension after activation,and were added to the alfalfa and oat hay.The contents of dry matter,crude ash,crude fat,crude protein,lignin,neutral detergent fiber,and acid detergent fiber of alfalfa and oat hay before and after treatment were determined by Near infrared,and their feeding value was evaluated.The results showed that after 6 strains test bacteria added to alfalfa hay,the contents of lignin,neutral detergent fiber,and acid detergent fiber showed approximately same change rules of reduction to some extent.Acinetobacter lwoffii(AL)had better improvement of the nutritional composition and feeding value of alfalfa hay,which significantly increased the nutrient composition and feeding value of alfalfa hay.The feeding value of oat hay could not be improved by adding 6 strains.Therefore,bacterial strains could be added during preparation of alfalfa hay to improve quality of hay.

关 键 词：干草 木质素 鲁菲不动杆菌 苜蓿 燕麦 

分 类 号：TQ920.1[轻工技术与工程—发酵工程]