山地新城降水时空演变规律分析——以重庆市渝北区为例  

Spatiotemporal Evolution of Precipitation in Mountainous Cities:A Case Study of Yubei District,Chongqing

作　　者：张沁[1] 张守平 杨清伟[1] ZHANG Qin;ZHANG Shouping;YANG Qingwei(Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education,National Engineering Research Center for Inland Waterway Regulation,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆交通大学国家内河航道整治工程技术研究中心水利水运工程教育部重点实验室,重庆400074

出　　处：《重庆师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第2期56-68,共13页Journal of Chongqing Normal University:Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.52179059);交通行业重点实验室开放基金(No.Yk220001-6)。

摘　　要：【目的】以重庆市渝北区为例探讨山地新开发地区的降水时空演变规律。【方法】运用线性回归法、Mann-Kendall法、小波分析法和反距离加权法分析了渝北区1979—2019年的降水时空演变规律。【结果】1)渝北区年降水量倾向率为3.65 mm·a^(-1), 1979—1996年降水量变化平缓,1996—2014年降水量出现多个波谷和波峰,2014年后降水量又呈上升趋势。2)降水量在春、秋季呈上升趋势,在夏季呈缓慢下降趋势,在冬季变幅不大;降水量在丰、枯水期呈上升趋势,且降水量上升趋势在丰水期强于在枯水期。3)全年、丰水期降水天数起伏变化小,暴雨和大雨发生天数增加。4)在22 a特征时间尺度上,降水量经历3个丰-枯转换期;在13 a特征时间尺度上,降水量经历4.5个周期的丰-枯变化。5)年降水量在空间分布上呈西南向东北、东南部递增趋势,与春、冬季降水量空间分布规律相似;夏季降水量空间分布呈中心高值区域向四周递减趋势;全年降水以中雨为主,中雨天数的空间分布规律与年降水量的相似,而大、暴雨天数的空间分布与夏季降水量的相似。【结论】渝北区年降水量呈明显上升趋势,丰水期对降水的影响明显大于枯水期,今后由降水引发的城市积水事件可能增加;年降水量和中雨天数的最大值出现在该区东南部,大、暴雨天数的最大值出现在该区中部。[Purposes]Taking Yubei district of Chongqing as an example to explore the spatial-temporal evolution of precipitation in the newly developed mountainous areas. [Methods]The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of precipitation were studied in Yubei, Chongqing from 1979 to 2019 by using linear regression method, inverse distance weighting method, wavelet analysis method and geostatistical interpolation method. [Findings]The annual precipitation of Yubei district was increased by 3.52 mm/a, and the precipitation changed gently from 1979 to 1996, troughs and peaks appeared alternately from 1996 to 2014, then showed an upward trend after 2014. The precipitation increased in spring and autumn, decreased slowly in summer, and changed little in winter, it showed an increasing trend in wet season and dry season, and the increasing trend in wet season was greater than that in dry season. The total days of annual precipitation and precipitation in wet season fluctuated little, but the days of heavy rain and storm increased. The precipitation went through 3 periods of wet-dry transition on the 22-year characteristic time scale, and which were 4.5 periods of wet-dry transition on the 13-years characteristic time scale. The spatial distribution of precipitation showed an increasing trend from southwest to northeast and southeast, which was similar to spring and winter, the central area with high value decreased to all sides in summer. The annual precipitation was mainly moderate rain, the spatial distribution of moderate rain days was similar to that of annual precipitation, but the spatial distribution of heavy rainfall days was similar to that of summer precipitation. [Conclusions]The annual precipitation of Yubei district showed a significant upward trend, and the influence of wet season on precipitation was significantly greater than that of dry season. The urban water-logging caused by precipitation might increase. The maximum annual rainfall and moderate rainfall days appeared in the southeast, while the maxim

关 键 词：降水量 突变检测 小波分析 时空分布 渝北区 重庆 

分 类 号：P426.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]