渤海黑牛的屠宰性能与肉质分析  

Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality of Bohai Black Cattle

作　　者：高翰 李海鹏[1] 李俊雅[1] 高会江[1] 孙宝忠[1] 高雪[1] 王秀娟 蔡文涛 刘璇[1] 杨占岗 杨震 陈燕[1] GAO Han;LI Hai-peng;LI Jun-ya;GAO Hui-jiang;SUN Bao-zhong;GAO Xue;WANG Xiu-juan;CAI Wen-tao;LIU Xuan;YANG Zhan-gang;YANG Zhen;CHEN Yan(Institute of Animal Science/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;Huaxing Bohai Black Cattle Co.,Ltd.,Binzhou 251900,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,北京100193 [2]山东无棣华兴渤海黑牛种业股份有限公司,山东滨州251900

出　　处：《山东农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第2期228-239,共12页Journal of Shandong Agricultural University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：农业农村部政府购买服务项目(19200158);国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系(CARS-37);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-IAS03)。

摘　　要：本文通过研究渤海黑牛的生长性能、屠宰性能以及肉品质,旨在描述渤海黑牛现阶段的生产性能水平,为今后进一步指导其选育改良提供参考,促进渤海黑牛的品种改良和品质提升。选取渤海黑牛成年阉牛,经强度育肥后屠宰,对其屠宰性能、产肉性能和肉品质进行了全面测定和分析评价。结果表明,经育肥后的成年渤海黑牛阉牛的胴体重为432.67 kg、净肉重为377.11 kg、屠宰率为60.55%、净肉率为52.78%、胴体产肉率为87.14%、肉骨比为6.84。体尺、产肉性能的各项指标较往年研究结果都有了不同幅度的增长,其中体重与胸围增长最为明显。与A3级进口雪花牛肉进行了肉品质的对比分析,结果显示渤海黑牛的粗蛋白及水分含量显著高于A3级进口雪花牛肉(P<0.05);微量元素含量与A3级进口雪花牛肉相比无显著差异(P>0.05);必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸含量的比值、必需氨基酸与总氨基酸含量的比值均极显著高于进口雪花牛肉(P<0.01),必需氨基酸总量显著高于A3级进口雪花牛肉(P<0.05),具有较高的蛋白质含量,是优质的高蛋白食品;饱和脂肪酸含量与总脂肪酸的比值极显著低于A3级进口雪花牛肉(P<0.01),DHA含量显著高于A3级进口雪花牛肉(P<0.05),为高蛋白低脂肪的食物,营养价值丰富。在加强品种资源保护的同时,立足渤海黑牛特色优势,加快推进我国优秀地方黄牛品种的保护和开发利用,促进优质高效渤海黑牛的肉用新品种(系)培育,推动地方品种种质的自主创新。By studying the growth performance,slaughter performance and meat quality of Bohai black cattle,this research aimed to describe the current production performance level of Bohai black cattle.In the future,it would provide reference for further guidance of breeding and improvement,and promote variety and quality improvement of Bohai black cattle.The slaughter performance,meat production performance and meat quality were measured and evaluated from adult steers of Bohai black cattle that slaughtered after intensive fattening.The results showed that after fattening,the carcass weight and lean meat weight of adult Bohai black cattle steers were 432.67 kg,377.11 kg,dressing percentage,lean meat percentage,carcass meat percentage and meat/bone rate were 60.55%,52.78%,87.14%and 6.84.Compared with the results of previous research,the indexes of body size and meat production performance increased by varying degrees.Among them,the increase of body weight and chest circumference was the most obviously.Meat quality was evaluated by comparison with the imported A3 grade snowflake beef,and the results were as follows:the crude protein and moisture content of Bohai black cattle were significantly higher than those of imported A3 grade snowflake beef;there was no significant difference in trace elements content between Bohai black cattle and imported A3 grade snowflake beef;the ratio of essential amino acids and non-essential amino acid content,the ratio of essential amino acids and total amino acids content were higher than imported A3 grade snowflake beef,total essential amino acid was significantly higher than imported A3 grade snowflake beef,which showed that the beef of Bohai black cattle was high quality protein food with high protein content;the ratio of saturated fatty acid content to total fatty acid was significantly lower than imported A3 grade snowflake beef,and the DHA content was significantly higher than that of imported A3 grade snowflake beef,which showed that the beef of Bohai black cattle was high protein and

关 键 词：渤海黑牛 屠宰性能 肉质分析 

分 类 号：S858.23[农业科学—临床兽医学]