树种组成和径级结构对热带次生林生物量恢复影响的研究  

Effects of tree species composition and diameter class structure on biomass restoration of secondary tropical forest

作　　者：王璐颖 周璋[1,3,4] 张涛 林明献 张春生[1,4] 李意德 陈德祥[1,3,4] Wang Lu-Ying;Zhou Zhang;Zhang Tao;Lin Ming-Xian;Zhang Chun-Sheng;Li Yi-De;Chen De-Xiang(Research Institute of Tropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Jianfengling Long-Term Research Station for Tropical Forest Ecosystem,Guangzhou 510520,China;Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;Experimental Station of Research Institute of Tropical Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry,Ledong,Hainan 572542,China;Forest Carbon Sequestration Research and Experimental Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration,Sanya,Hainan 527000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所,海南尖峰岭森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,广州510520 [2]南京林业大学,南京210037 [3]中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所试验站,海南乐东572542 [4]国家林业和草原局森林碳汇研究与实验中心,海南三亚527000

出　　处：《植物科学学报》2022年第2期169-176,共8页Plant Science Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41773071,41171040);国家林业局“尖峰岭生态定位站运行补助”计划(2020132002);科技部“海南尖峰岭森林生态系统重点野外科学观测研究站运行费”。

摘　　要：本研究在海南尖峰岭和吊罗山热带林区海拔245~1255 m范围内根据林分恢复时间设立固定监测样地,探讨了森林地上生物量与树种组成和径级结构的关系。结果显示:海南热带次生林平均地上生物量为(155.38±37.16)×10^(3)kg/hm^(2),其中低地次生雨林为(137.91±31.02)×10^(3)kg/hm^(2),山地次生雨林为(160.39±42.13)×10^(3)kg/hm^(2)。自然恢复状态下的生物量恢复率与恢复时间呈显著正相关关系,但难以在短时间内恢复至原始林水平。生物量恢复受树种组成和径级结构的显著影响,大径级林木生物量占比随恢复时间显著增加,小径级林木生物量占比随恢复时间显著降低。恢复26年的山地次生雨林小径级林木生物量占比高出原始林58%,大径级林木生物量占比则低68%;恢复35年的低地雨林次生林小径级林木生物量占比比原始林高30%,大径级林木生物量占比则低20%;随恢复时间增加,速生树种的种类和数量逐渐减少,生物量占比下降7%左右;而慢生树种则均呈增加趋势,生物量增长20%~32%。本研究结果对热带森林的有效保护与科学恢复、提高森林碳汇能力等具有重要的指导意义。In this study,32 permanent plots with different recovery times were set up in Jianfengling and Diaoluoshan areas of Hainan Island within an elevational range of 245-1255 m above sea level in order to analyze the relationship between aboveground biomass and forest tree species composition and diameter at breast height(DBH)class.Results showed that the average aboveground biomass(AGB)of the pan-tropical forest was(155.38±37.16)×10^(3)kg/hm^(2),while biomasses of the secondary forest of the lowland and montane rainforests were(137.91±31.02)×10^(3) and(160.39±42.13)×10^(3)kg/hm^(2),respectively.The biomass recovery rate and natural recovery time showed a significant positive correlation through binomial fitting,with more than 70 years required to restore 95%of AGB of the primary forest.In the process of community succession,the species composition and stand structure were constantly changing.The biomass proportion of the large-diameter tree class increased significantly with recovery time,whereas small-diameter trees decreased significantly with recovery time.The biomass ratio of the large-diameter tree class in the early recovery stage accounted for less than 10%of secondary forest,but increased to 20%in the middle recovery period,and reached 70%in primary forest.With ongoing recovery,the biomass ratio of fast-growing tree species in the community decreased by more than 10%,while the ratio of slow-growing tree species in the primary forest increased by 20%-32%.Thus,the AGB recovery rate in tropical secondary forests increased significantly with the increase in recovery time.The composition dynamics of large-diameter trees and slow-growing species during the recovery process are important drivers of forest biomass recovery.The results should help improve our understanding of the dynamic changes in AGB during tropical secondary forest recovery.

关 键 词：次生林 演替 生物量恢复 生长策略 径级 

分 类 号：S758[农业科学—森林经理学]