2010-2019年中国儿童体质发展报告  

China’s Child Physical Development Report(2010-2019)

作　　者：宋逸[1] 马乐[2] 陈亚军 马宁 SONG Yi;MA Le;CHEN Ya-jun;MA Ning

机构地区：[1]北京大学儿童青少年卫生研究所 [2]西安交通大学公共卫生学院 [3]中山大学公共卫生学院妇幼卫生学系

出　　处：《中国校外教育》2022年第2期92-115,共24页AFTERSCHOOL EDUCATION IN CHINA

摘　　要：儿童的体质水平是反映其健康状况的重要指标,也在一定程度上直接体现国民的身体素质;有效增强儿童体质是提升整个生命周期的重要手段之一。近些年,我国7~18岁儿童的体质发展状况好坏参半。利用2010年、2014年和2019年3次全国学生体质与健康调研数据,分析全国7~18岁儿童各体质组分的变化趋势,结果发现:其柔韧素质出现好转;下肢爆发力全面下降;速度素质总体呈下降趋势,但女生和中学生有所改善;力量素质方面,女生和小学男生有所提高,但中学男生持续下降;耐力素质总体呈现下滑趋势,但中学生有所提高。深入分析我国儿童体质变化的原因,从国家政策,学校、家庭及社会支持和学生个体几方面出发,提出针对性的干预措施,以有效增强儿童体质。Children’s physical fitness is an essential indicator of their health status and,to some extent,a direct reflection of the physical fitness of the nation population.The effective enhancement of children’s physical fitness is one of the most important ways to improve health throughout the life cycle.In recent years,the physical fitness of children aged 7-18 in China has seen both improvements and shortcomings.Using the data from 2010,2014 and 2019 Chinese National Surveys on Students’Constitution and Health(CNSSCH),this study assessed the trends of physical fitness components in Chinese children aged 7-18.The findings showed that there was an improvement in flexibility while a decrease in lower limb explosive strength;the speed qualities showed an overall downward trend but improvement was seen in girls and secondary school students;the body muscle strength increased for girls and primary school boys but continued to decline for secondary school boys;as for endurance,there was a general downward trend,but an improvement among secondary school students.Therefore,it is important for current research on the health of children and adolescent to identify and analyse influential factors for the changes of physical fitness and propose targeted recommendations from the aspects of national policy,school,family,social support,and individuals to improve child physical fitness.

关 键 词：儿童 体质 变化趋势 

分 类 号：G479[文化科学—教育学]