《舞论》对印度古代文艺理论的历史影响  

A Study of Natyasastra’s Influence on Sanskrit Literature and Arts Theories

作　　者：尹锡南[1] YIN Xinan

机构地区：[1]四川大学南亚研究所

出　　处：《南亚东南亚研究》2022年第2期139-151,158,共14页South and Southeast Asian Studies

基　　金：2021年国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“印度古代文艺理论史”(项目编号:21&ZD275)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《舞论》在印度古代文艺理论发展史上占有无比重要的地位,它的历史影响辐射到古典梵语文艺理论各个方面,也对梵语戏剧、舞蹈等表演艺术以及文学创作等发挥了积极的影响。婆罗多以后的戏剧理论家多以《舞论》的论述主题为准绳,建构自己的戏剧论话语体系。婆罗多《舞论》的戏剧起源论、戏剧情味论、戏剧类型论、戏剧角色论、戏剧表演论、戏剧风格论等对《十色》《舞镜》《剧相宝库》《情光》和《味海月》等梵语戏剧论著产生了深刻的影响,也对梵语戏剧创作和库迪亚旦剧等印度传统戏剧表演产生了重要影响。《舞论》对于梵语诗学的影响,主要体现在婆摩诃、檀丁、新护等的庄严论、味论、诗德论、诗病论上。婆罗多的舞蹈论精髓主要涉及舞蹈的起源、舞蹈的功能与分类、108种经典的舞蹈基本动作等,这些方面的论述均对《表演镜》和《乐舞渊海》等影响深远。《舞论》关于乐音、微分音、弦乐弹奏、节奏类型、音乐体裁、乐器表演规则等的论述,也对角天等后世梵语乐舞论者产生了极其深刻的影响。这种历史影响与后世学者的主动创新是彼此呼应的,它的学理背景是戏剧、音乐与舞蹈等艺术随着时代发展而不断发生变化。Bharata’s Natyasastra exerts profound positive influences not only on Sanskrit drama,dance and other performing arts,but also on literary creations.In terms of drama,Natyasastra sets criteria to lots of drama theorists after Bharata.Its discussions on the origins,rasas,types,characters,performances and styles of drama have influenced Sanskrit drama creation,Indian traditional drama performances as well as the works of Dasarupaka,Natyadarpana,Natakalaksanaratnakosa,Bhavaprakasa and Rasarnavasudhakara,etc,.Concerning to literary poetics,Natyasastra has influenced the theories of Alankara,Rasa,Guna,Dosa discussed by Bhamaha,Dandin,Abhinavagupta,etc,.As for dance,Bharata’s theories mainly involve its origins,functions,classifications and 108 Karanas,which have influenced the works of Abhinayadarpana and Sangitaratnakara.To music,Bharata’s analyses of Svara and Sruti have influenced the later-on Sanskrit music and dance theorists.This paper analyzes the historical influence of Natyasastra on the theories of Sanskrit drama,poetics,dance and music.

关 键 词：《舞论》 婆罗多 印度 梵语文艺理论 梵语诗学 

分 类 号：I0[文学—文学理论]