试析伊拉克亚述人的族群—国家认同问题  

An Initial Analysis of the Ethnic-National Identity of the Iraqi Assyrians

作　　者：黄民兴[1] 张娟娟 Minxing Huang;Juanjuan Zhang

机构地区：[1]西北大学中东研究所,西安710127

出　　处：《世界民族》2022年第2期13-24,共12页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：2018年教育部人文社会科学研究专项任务项目“从二战后发展中国家的发展道路看‘西化’与‘本土化’之争”(项目编号:18JF139)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：亚述人起源于两河流域北部,以聂斯托里派和迦勒底教派信徒为主,是伊拉克最大的基督教少数群体之一。20世纪初,亚述人深受“民族自决原则”和民族主义思潮的鼓舞,以“民族”身份凝聚族群,寻求政治独立和族群共同体自治。伊拉克建国后,亚述人延续其独立活动,与英国殖民政府合作,拒绝承认其公民身份,从而催生了诸如族群认同和宗教认同挑战国家认同、族群认同遭遇国家的暴力裹挟和民族同化、族裔民族主义运动冲击并消解国家认同、库尔德政府认同与国家认同相抵牾等一系列的族群—国家认同问题。在后萨达姆时代,亚述人的认同问题在宗派碎片化和国家政局动荡的情势下进一步复杂化,未来也将继续考验伊拉克民族国家构建和族群治理的有效性。The Assyrians,who originated in the northern part of the Mesopotamia valley,are mainly Nestorians and Chaldeans,making one of the largest Christian minority groups in Iraq.At the beginning of the 20^(th) century,the Assyrians,inspired by the “Principle of National Self-determination”and nationalist thoughts,sought political independence and autonomy for their ethnic community by uniting the ethnic group with a“national”identity.After the founding of Iraq,the Assyrians continued their quest for independence,cooperated with the British colonial government,and refused to recognize their citizenship,thus giving rise to a series of ethnic-national identity problems,such as ethnic identity and religious identity challenging national identity,ethnic identity being subjected to state violence and national assimilation,ethnic nationalist movements undermining and eroding national identity,Assyrian identity to the Kurdish government conflicting with national identity,etc.In the post-Saddam era,the Assyrian identity dilemma has become further complicated in the context of sectarian fragmentation and national political instability,which will continue to test the effectiveness of nation-state building and ethnic governance in Iraq.

关 键 词：亚述人 族裔民族主义 族群认同 国家认同 次国家认同 

分 类 号：C912.4[经济管理] D737.7[社会学]