老挝“民族识别”的再认识  

Re-understanding the“Ethnic Identification”in Laos

作　　者：鱼耀 Yao Yu

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学民族学与社会学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《世界民族》2022年第2期25-35,共11页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“少数民族海外华人研究”(14ZDB114);第八届中国人类学研究生田野调查奖助金项目支助。

摘　　要：制度体系改造与思想理论创设是民族国家构建过程中的重要策略。老挝在现代国家建设进程中,为培育“老挝民族”共同体,不同程度地借鉴了社会主义主要国家“民族识别”的发展经验,并依据自身实际开创出老挝特色,实现了自我变通。独立运动中,老挝人民党着重族群的“划分”,提倡基于地形结构的“三分法”以缓和紧张的群体关系,团结不同力量。共和国建立后,老挝政府重点推进民族的“识别”,因地制宜地协调社会融合,树立“老挝人”这一共同意识,强调“老挝民族”共同体的发展。如此,老挝不仅厘清了历史时期的族群成分,也从国家层面上明晰了共同体培育的有效路径,提供了民族国家重构国族的典型案例。Institutional renovation as well as ideology and theory creation are important strategies in the process nation-state building. In the process of modern national building, in order to promote the development of the “Lao national” community, Laos has drawn on the development experience of “ethnic identification” of major socialist countries to varying degrees, created the Lao characteristics according to its own reality, and realized self adaptation. In the independence movement, the Lao People’s Party focused on the “division” of ethnic groups and advocated a “Trisection method” based on the topographic structure to ease ethnic tensions and unite different forces. Since the founding of the Republic, the Lao government has focused on promoting ethnic “identification”, coordinated social integration according to local conditions, established a common awareness of the “Laotian”, and emphasized the development of the Lao national community. In such a way, Laos has not only clarified the ethnic composition in different historical periods, but also expounded the effective path of community cultivation on the national level, thus providing a typical case of nation-state reconstruction.

关 键 词：民族识别 老挝人 共同体 

分 类 号：K334[历史地理—历史学] D733.4[历史地理—世界史]