陕西地区2015年5岁儿童患龋状况及10年间变化调查研究  

Analysis of early childhood caries status in 5-year-old children in 2015 and changes in 10 years in Shaanxi province

作　　者：张斌[1] 田剑刚 樊晓宇 王婷婷 贾明玉 黄瑞哲[1] ZHANG Bin;TIAN Jiangang;FAN Xiaoyu;WANG Tingting;JIA Mingyu;HUANG Ruizhe(Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases,College of Stomatology,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710004,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学口腔医学院陕西省牙颌疾病临床研究中心,陕西西安710004

出　　处：《陕西医学杂志》2022年第5期629-633,共5页Shaanxi Medical Journal

基　　金：国家卫生健康委员会公益性行业科研专项项目(201502002)。

摘　　要：目的:分析2015年陕西地区5岁儿童患龋状况,比较2005年和2015年儿童龋相关影响因素的变化情况,为进一步加强陕西地区儿童龋病防治工作提供参考依据。方法:采用多阶段、分层、等容量随机抽样方法抽取样本,分析2015年5岁儿童乳牙患龋情况,利用问卷调查比较2015年儿童饮食习惯、口腔卫生行为以及父母口腔健康知信行与2005年的变化情况并进行统计学分析。结果:2015年5岁儿童患龋率和龋均较10年前分别增加了7.68%和0.55(均P<0.05)。城市儿童患龋率及龋均较10年前分别增加了9.93%和0.69(均P<0.05)。2015年患重度低龄儿童龋(S-ECC)的儿童比率为33.73%,较10年前增加了5.64%(P=0.01)。2015年父母对“窝沟封闭可以预防龋齿”的认识较10年前有所提高(P<0.05),家长对“含氟牙膏对牙齿有保护作用”的知晓率较10年前明显降低(P<0.001)。能做到每天刷牙≥2次的儿童较10年前年上升了12.96%(P<0.001),父母能做到每天帮助孩子刷牙的比率较10年前下降6.57%(P<0.001)。多因素Logistic分析结果显示每天吃甜食是患S-ECC的危险因素,每天刷牙≥2次可以降低S-ECC发生风险。结论:陕西地区2015年5岁儿童乳牙患龋率及龋损严重程度较2005年明显升高,儿童口腔健康教育仍需进一步加强,父母口腔健康知信行仍有待于进一步提高。Objective:To analyze the early childhood caries status of 5-year-old children in Shaanxi province in 2015 and compare the changes of factors related early childhood caries from 2005 and 2015,in order to provide reference for further strengthening the caries prevention in Shaanxi province.Methods:Samples were selected by multistage,stratified,equal volume and random sampling method to analyze the early childhood caries of 5-year-old children in 2015.A questionnaire was used to compare the changes of children’s eating habits,oral hygiene behaviors,and parents’oral health knowledge,belief and practice in 2015 with those in 2005.Results:The prevalence of early childhood caries rate and the mean dmft in 2015 increased by 7.68%and 0.55 respectively(all P<0.05).The prevalence of early childhood caries and dmft index increased by 9.93%and 0.69 respectively in urban children(all P<0.05).The number of children with severe early childhood caries(S-ECC)was 33.73%in 2015 and increased by 5.64%compared with 10 years ago(P=0.01).Parents awareness of the protective effect of pit and fissure sealant on teeth increased in 2015 compared to 10 years ago(P<0.05).But parents’awareness decreased significantly in terms of the effect of fluoride toothpaste on tooth caries prevention(P<0.001).The rate of children brushing their teeth at least twice a day increased by 12.96%from 10 years ago(P<0.001).The percentage of parents who helped 5-year-old children brush teeth every day decreased by 6.57%compared with 10 years ago(P<0.001).Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that eating sweets every day was a risk factor for severe early childhood caries,and brushing teeth more than 2 times a day could reduce the risk of S-ECC in children.Conclusion:The prevalence and severity of early childhood caries in 5-year-old children in Shaanxi province increased significantly in 2015 compared with that in 2005.Oral health education for children needs to be further strengthened and parents’oral health knowledge,belief and practice should be furthe

关 键 词：儿童龋 重度低龄儿童龋 5岁儿童 口腔健康知信行 口腔健康教育 纵向分析 

分 类 号：R780.1[医药卫生—口腔医学]