图词间隔时间影响口语词汇产生中语义效应的机制:图词干扰范式研究  

The influence of stimulus onset asynchrony on semantic effect in spoken word production:A picture-word interference paradigm study

作　　者：周雨汐 刘宇颢 张清芳[1] ZHOU Yuxi;LIU Yuhao;ZHANG Qingfang(Department of Psychology,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学心理学系,北京100872

出　　处：《心理学报》2022年第5期453-465,I0002,共14页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31271055);教育部人文社科规划项目(21YJA190011);国家语委重点项目(ZDI145-6)资助。

摘　　要：口语词汇产生过程中存在语义抑制和语义促进效应,可能发生在概念准备和词汇选择或者后词汇水平阶段。本研究采用图画-词汇干扰实验任务,变化图画与词汇出现点之间的时间间隔(stimulus onset asynchrony,SOA),运用脑电技术考察口语词汇产生中语义效应发生的时间进程。结果显示,当SOA为0ms时表现出语义抑制效应,语义效应发生在词汇选择阶段(344~418 ms);当SOA为-400 ms时,语义效应发生在概念准备阶段(0~76 ms)和词汇选择阶段(274~390 ms);460~594 ms时间窗口内的语义效应可能表明讲话者对语义信息的自我监测。词汇产生中存在语义促进效应和抑制效应的权衡,影响了行为结果中语义效应的方向,上述发现支持了口语词汇产生的词汇竞争假说。A controversial in word production is that how speakers retrieve words from the mental lexicon. The picture-word interference(hereafter PWI) paradigm has been broadly used to investigate this issue. In this task,speakers are instructed to name pictures while ignoring written distractor words superimposed onto the pictures.A typical finding is the semantic interference effect, which is that categorically related distractors(e.g., bus)slow down picture naming(e.g., car) relative to unrelated distractors(e.g., pen). By varying stimulus onset asynchrony(SOA) between pictures and distractors, studies have reported semantic facilitation effect when semantically related distractors were presented before pictures such as 400 ms(-400 ms), and semantic interference effect when semantically related distractors were presented closely to pictures. Lexical competition hypothesis assumes that semantic interference reflects the lexical selection competition among co-activated semantically related lexical representations during lemma retrieval, while response exclusion hypothesis assumes that semantically related distractors are more difficult to exclude from the response buffer than unrelated ones. It assumes that semantic facilitation effect arises at the conceptual processing. However, little is known about the temporal courses of both effects. The present study aims to examine the influence of SOA on semantic effect with the PWI task using electrophysiological measures.Forty-five undergraduate and graduate students participate in the experiment(22 males, average 22.85years). Forty-two black and white line pictures were chosen from a standardized picture database as targets with disyllabic names. Each target picture was paired with a semantically related distractor word and an unrelated distractor word. Context words in the semantically related condition were then recombined with the picture names to form unrelated conditions. Target pictures and context words are basic-level concepts selected from 14semantic categories. The e

关 键 词：口语词汇产生 语义抑制效应 语义促进效应 SOA 词汇竞争假设 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]