水文变异下湄公河河道生态流量评估  

Evaluation of Ecological Flow in the Mekong River Considering the Hydrological Alterations

作　　者：吴心渠 朱梦弢 李运刚[1] WU Xin-qu;ZHU Meng-tao;LI Yun-gang(Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security,Yunnan University,Kunming 650504,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学云南省国际河流与跨境生态安全重点实验室,云南昆明650504

出　　处：《水电能源科学》2022年第4期74-78,共5页Water Resources and Power

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42067033,41661099)。

摘　　要：河流自然的水文情势是生态流量评估的重要参考,然而气候变化和人类活动影响下河流水文序列往往发生变异。因此,重点考虑湄公河径流年内分配变异,结合流量历时曲线移动法面向不同河流环境管理目标的生态流量进行评估。结果表明,湄公河干流清盛、琅勃拉邦站在2008年发生变异,廊开站于2012年发生变异,巴色、上丁站在2006年发生变异。维持最优生态条件管理目标所需生态流量占年均流量的72%~80%,实现保护河流生态系统基本功能目标所需生态流量占年均流量的33%~49%。水文变异后EMC-A、EMC-B等级生态流量满足率具有旱季增加、雨季下降的变化特征,EMC-C~EMC-F等级变化不明显。研究结果对于湄公河流域跨境水资源管理和生态保护具有参考价值。Natural hydrological regime of rivers is an important reference for the assessment of ecological flow.However,the hydrological alterations are associated with the influence of climate change and human activities.Considering the variation of intra-annual distribution of runoff,this study evaluated the ecological flow of different river environmental management objectives by using flow duration curve shifting method.The results show that the change points of hydrological time series occurred in 2008 for Chiang Saen and Luang Prabang,2012 for NongKhai station,and 2006 for Pakse and Stung Treng station.Approximately 72%~80%of the annual flow was determined as ecological flow for five stations on the Mekong mainstream to maintain the optimal ecological condition,while 33%~49%of the annual flow is needed to protect the basic functions of the river ecosystem.The satisfaction rate of ecological flow for EMC-A and EMC-B increased in dry season and decreased in rainy season after hydrological alterations while the variations from EMC-C to EMC-F do not obvious.The results of this study will provide a reference for transboundary water resources management and ecological protection in the Mekong River Basin.

关 键 词：生态流量 水文变异 径流年内分配 流量历时曲线移动法 湄公河 

分 类 号：X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学] TV121[水利工程—水文学及水资源]