核异常研究进展及核异常细胞生物学意义  

The research progress and biological significance of abnormality of cell nucleus

作　　者：李茂进 胡安易 LI Mao-jin;HU An-yi(The Beijing Prevention and Treatment Hospital of Occupational Disease for Chemical Industry/Beijing Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment,Beijing 100093,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]北京市职业病防治研究院,北京市化工职业病防治院,北京100093 [2]中国医学科学院阜外心血管病医院,国家心血管病中心,北京100037

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2021年第6期708-711,共4页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：北京市职业病防治研究院院长基金(ZFY2003003)。

摘　　要：核异常是细胞核损伤的结果,主要由射线、病毒和各种致癌、致畸、致突变化合物等导致。其形态多种多样,如核连接、核畸形、泪滴形核、染色质桥、多核和不对等分裂等。传统上,核异常只是一个描述性概念或形态学概念,一般仅指核出芽和核分叶,并未涉及核异常的功能。而实际上,部分核异常如核出芽和核分叶,其细胞并未死亡。核异常细胞是一种不受人体控制或调节的生物体,具有一定的生物学功能和行为,有自身的结局和命运;其是人体内长期存在的一种病态细胞或功能缺陷细胞,是染色体损伤和恶性肿瘤风险评估的生物标志物,是某些职业损伤或职业病发生的重要原因和机制;同时由于其功能活动减退,对神经内分泌等调节信号应答不良,可能也是恶性肿瘤、高血压、动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病和阿尔茨海默病等慢性难治性疾病与衰老发生的根源和基础。对核异常细胞进行深入研究,有助于揭示上述疾病或职业损伤的发病原因和机制,为该类疾病的预防、控制和治疗提供理论基础。A nuclear abnormality is an abnormality in the morphology and structure of the cell nucleus. The abnormal nucleus resulted from the damage of nucleus is mainly caused by radiation, virus and various carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic compounds. There are many forms of nuclear abnormality, such as nuclear junction, nuclear malformation, tear drop nucleation, chromatin bridge, multi-nucleus, asymmetry division, et al. Traditionally, the nuclear abnormality only refers to the nuclear budding and nuclear lobulation. The nuclear abnormality has been a descriptive or morphological concept without reference to its function. In fact, in some “nuclear abnormalities” such as nuclear budding and nuclear lobulation, the cells do not die. If the nuclear abnormality is regarded as a kind of cell condition, that is, cells with nuclear abnormality, then it is not only a biomarker, but an organism that is not controlled or regulated by the human body. It has certain biological behavior and function, and has its own fate and destiny. The cells with abnormal nucleus are a kind of diseased or defective cells that may exist in the human body for a long time.Nuclear abnormality could be a biomarker for chromosomal damage and cancer risk assessment as well as an important cause and mechanism of some occupational injuries or occupational diseases. At the same time, it may also be the root and basis of chronic refractory diseases and aging such as cancer, hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes and Alzheimer′s disease due to its decreased functional activity and poor response to regulatory signals such as neuroendocrine. In-depth study on the abnormality of cell nucleus will help to reveal the causes and mechanisms of these diseases or occupational injuries, and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention, control and treatment of these diseases.

关 键 词：核异常 细胞 细胞核 恶性肿瘤 衰老 职业病 研究进展 

分 类 号：R394.7[医药卫生—医学遗传学]