荷斯坦牛及其杂种公牛养分表观消化率、小肠组织形态及消化酶活性差异研究  

Differences on Nutrient Apparent Digestibility,Small Intestine Tissue Morphology and Digestive Enzyme Activity of Holstein Bulls and Its Hybrid Progenies

作　　者：兰丽娟 石斌刚 祁有鹏 左志 张雪萍 王向彦 时钰 张伟 赵芳芳 马金 胡江 LAN Lijuan;SHI Bingang;QI Youpeng;ZUO Zhi;ZHANG Xueping;WANG Xiangyan;SHI Yu;ZHANG Wei;ZHAO Fangfang;MA Jin;HU Jiang(Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivore Biotechnology,College of Animal Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu Qianjin Animal Husbandry Technology Co.,Ltd.,Zhangye 734000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院,甘肃省草食动物生物技术重点实验室,兰州730070 [2]甘肃前进牧业科技有限责任公司,张掖734000

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2022年第4期2485-2495,共11页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专项课题任务(2017YFD0502001);甘肃省基础研究创新群体项目(17JR5RA137);国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系(CARS-37)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在探索荷斯坦牛及其杂种公牛小肠养分消化吸收能力差异。选择7月龄、体重230~240 kg的健康荷斯坦牛、夏杂牛(夏洛来牛♂×荷斯坦牛♀)及阿杂牛(金色阿奎丹牛♂×荷斯坦牛♀)公牛各6头,分阶段育肥273 d后屠宰,测定各阶段养分表观消化率,以及育肥结束时各组肉牛小肠酶活性和肠道组织形态。结果表明:1)荷斯坦牛各育肥阶段饲粮干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质和中性洗涤纤维表观消化率均显著或极显著高于夏杂牛和阿杂牛(P<0.01或P<0.05),荷斯坦牛育肥各阶段酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率高于夏杂牛和阿杂牛,但无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)荷斯坦牛空肠胰蛋白酶活性,以及十二指肠、空肠脂肪酶活性极显著或显著高于夏杂牛和阿杂牛(P<0.01或P<0.05)。3)荷斯坦牛十二指肠、空肠黏膜绒毛长度极显著高于夏杂牛和阿杂牛(P<0.01),隐窝深度显著高于阿杂牛(P<0.05);十二指肠、空肠、回肠肌层厚度极显著高于夏杂牛和阿杂牛(P<0.01)。综上所述,荷斯坦牛养分表观消化率、小肠消化酶活性以及小肠各部位黏膜绒毛长度、隐窝深度和肌层厚度均较高,表明其对养分消化吸收及代谢能力优于杂种牛。This experiment was conducted to explore the differences in digestion and absorption capacity of intestinal nutrients between Holstein bulls and its hybrid progenies.Seven-month-old healthy Holstein bulls and Charolais crossbred cattle(Charolais♂×Holstein cattle♀)and Blonde d’Aquitaine crossbred cattle(Blonde d’Aquitaine♂×Holstein cattle♀)with body weights of 230 to 240 kg were selected.Six bulls were fattened for 273 days and slaughtered.The apparent nutrient digestibility,enzyme activity and intestinal morphology were measured at the end of fattening.The results showed as follows:1)the apparent digestibility of dry matter,organic matter,crude protein and neutral detergent fiber of Holstein bulls were significantly or extremely significantly higher than those of Charolais×Holstein cattle and Blonde d’Aquitaine×Holstein cattle(P<0.01 or P<0.05),the apparent digestibility of acid detergent fiber of Holstein bulls was higher than that of Charolais×Holstein cattle and Blonde d’Aquitaine×Holstein cattle(P>0.05).2)The activities of jejunal trypsin and lipase in duodenum and jejunum of Holstein bulls were significantly higher than those of Charolais×Holstein cattle and Blonde d’Aquitaine×Holstein cattle(P<0.01 or P<0.05).3)The length of mucosal villi in duodenum and jejunum of Holstein bulls was significantly higher than that of Charolais×Holstein cattle and Blonde d’Aquitaine×Holstein cattle(P<0.01).The crypt depth was significantly higher than that of Hybrid bulls(P<0.05).The muscular thickness of duodenum,jejunum and ileum was significantly higher than that of Charolais×Holstein cattle and Blonde d’Aquitaine×Holstein cattle(P<0.01).In conclusion,the apparent digestibility of nutrients,the activities of digestive enzymes,the length of villus,the depth of crypt and the thickness of muscular layer in the small intestine of Holstein bulls are higher than those of hybrid cattle.The results show that the digestion and metabolism ability of nutrients in Holstein bulls are better than that

关 键 词：荷斯坦牛 杂种牛 养分表观消化率 消化酶活性 小肠形态 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]