室内外环境因素对儿童过敏性和感染性疾病的影响  

Effect of indoor and outdoor environmental factors on allergic and infectious diseases in children

作　　者：陈敏燕 卢婍 姚谦 吕铖[1] 余晋霞 高宇[1] 田英[1,2] 雷晓宁 CHEN Minyan;LU Qi;YAO Qian;LYU Cheng;YU Jinxia;GAO Yu;TIAN Ying;LEI Xiaoning(School of Public Health,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200025,China;Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学医学院公共卫生学院,上海200025 [2]教育部和上海市环境与儿童健康重点实验室,上海200092

出　　处：《上海预防医学》2022年第3期242-246,共5页Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：上海交通大学“医工交叉基金”(YG2019ZDA29);上海市公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划重点学科建设(GWV-10.1-XK11)。

摘　　要：【目的】调查儿童过敏、感染性疾病的患病情况,评估室内外环境因素对这2种疾病的影响。【方法】采用问卷形式调查山东莱州湾140名7岁儿童过敏和感染性疾病的患病情况,并采用logistic回归分析室内外环境因素与这2种疾病的关联。【结果】儿童既往湿疹和近1年其他过敏性疾病的患病率分别为37.9%和15.0%;近1年感染性疾病患病率为35.7%。对于过敏性疾病,室外空气刺激眼睛(OR=2.977;95%CI:1.407~6.296)和刺鼻(OR=5.147;95%CI:1.272~20.827)与既往湿疹有关;室内霉味可增加荨麻疹(OR=4.306;95%CI:1.062~17.454)和既往湿疹(OR=3.853;95%CI:1.080~13.743)的风险,室内使用灭蟑螂剂增加了鼻炎的风险(OR=6.102;95%CI:1.297~28.697)。对于感染性疾病,室外有污染排放源可增加胃肠道感染风险(OR=4.937;95%CI:1.050~23.216);蚊香和衣物防蛀剂分别增加呼吸道(OR=6.333;95%CI:1.397~28.714)和胃肠道(OR=3.218;95%CI:1.074~9.644)感染风险。未发现室内被动吸烟与这2种疾病有关。【结论】除室内被动吸烟外,其他室内外环境因素均增加了儿童过敏和感染性疾病的风险。[Objective]To investigate the prevalence of allergic and infectious diseases in children,and to assess the influence of indoor and outdoor environmental factors on these two common diseases in children.[Methods]A questionnaire was used to investigate the prevalence of allergic and infectious diseases in 140 children of 7 years old in Laizhou Bay,Shandong Province.Logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between indoor and outdoor environmental factors and children’s allergic and infectious diseases,respectively.[Results]The prevalence of previous eczema and other allergic diseases for the past year in children was 37.9%and 15.0%,respectively,and the prevalence of infectious diseases for the past year was 35.7%.As for allergic diseases,eye irritation due to outdoor air(OR=2.977;95%CI:1.407‒6.296)and nose irritation due to outdoor air(OR=5.147;95%CI:1.272‒20.827)were the risk factors for previous eczema in children.Indoor musty taste increased the risks of urticaria(OR=4.306;95%CI:1.062‒17.454)and previous eczema(OR=3.853;95%CI:1.080‒13.743).The use of cockroach killers indoors increased the risk of rhinitis(OR=6.102;95%CI:1.297‒28.697).As for infectious diseases,having outdoor pollution sources increased the risk of gastrointestinal infection(OR=4.937;95%CI:1.050‒23.216),and the use of mosquito coils and clothing mothproofing agents increased the risks of respiratory(OR=6.333;95%CI:1.397‒28.714)and gastrointestinal infections(OR=3.218;95%CI:1.074‒9.644),respectively.However,we did not find associations between indoor passive smoking and allergic or infectious diseases.[Conclusion]Except outdoor passive smoking,all the other indoor and outdoor environmental factors increase the risks of children’s allergies and infectious diseases.

关 键 词：室内环境 室外环境 儿童 过敏性疾病 感染性疾病 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]